Wake on network. Wake-on-Lan. Remotely turn on your computer. Setting up the computer's remote wake-up mode in the BIOS
Modern technologies never tire of developing and delighting users. For example, today it is possible to enable Personal Computer from a distance without any effort. This function (WOL) has existed for a long time, but not all users know how it works and why it is needed.
Wake-on-Lan: what is it?
This protocol is designed to have a standby voltage reserve on the motherboard, thanks to which the power supply can be started. Via WOL it is configured and additional opportunity waking up from wireless network, if the router supports it.
You will need a similar function to perform scheduled updates and Reserve copy on computers that are out of the user’s physical reach and cannot be turned on independently.
Since modern PCs provide power to the motherboard when turned off, Wake-up-On-Lan operation when correct setting usually does not cause any complaints.
Principle of operation
For WOL, only two computer components are important: the motherboard and the network card. The first of them must be connected to an ATX-compatible power supply, allowing the LAN adapter to view all packets coming to it. If one of them contains a special command containing a MAC address network card, it will send a signal to start powering the PC.
Otherwise, Wake-On-Lan (the program does not require downloading additional utilities: this feature is configured through the BIOS.
Magic package
The command mentioned above is called Magic Packet. This is what you must receive to activate the computer to start. It contains the MAC address of the LAN adapter, repeated 16 times, and other required information.
Leave Current Package can be from the OS, website or router using UDP ports 7 and 9. However, if there is no need for this function and the ability to connect the PC to the mains, it is better to deactivate it, since it negatively affects the battery level.
How to enable WOL
Older computer models, as well as some new ones, have the Wake-On-Lan setting feature in the BIOS. It's worth owning for this English language at least for entry level, otherwise the user simply will not find WOL, because this notation is not used in the basic I/O system today.
Typically, you should look for something similar in the power management section, for example, lines with the names Wake-Up by PCI device or Power on by Ethernet Card.
However, if the PC runs on OS Linux, to launch the function you will need to install the built-in Ethtool utility, which will check WOL support on the network card.
Settings
Since Windows 7 supports Wake-On-Lan on a par with older versions, you can enable the protocol through the user interface of this OS. To do this, through “Start” you need to find “Computer Management” and enter “Device Manager” to find in the list that opens
Next, by right-clicking the mouse, you need to call it to open “Properties” and go to the “Advanced” tab. In the displayed list, the user must select the Wake on Magic Packet item and set its value to on. There is no need to restart your computer.
To send an enable request, you will need to know the MAC address, host name, subnet mask and port number used. It’s easy to download the program to transfer the “magic package”. The network is replete with various utilities, as well as websites that perform this function online.
Setting up the router
This item will only be needed if you turn on the PC via the Internet and not a local network. This will require a permanent and unique IP address provided to the user by the provider. Otherwise, you will have to rent a static external IP address or use a client accessing the equipment through it Domain name. An example setup is to set a NAT translation rule for the IP address used to connect to the Network: UDP protocol, ports 7 and 9.
- ip arp /user address/ ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff;
- system config-save.
Then the router is rebooted and the settings take effect.
Wake-on-Lan: TeamViewer
TeamViewer is software designed for which, in combination with configured WOL, allows you to turn on the device from a distance with less effort. To do this, you will need to take a few more steps besides those described above: configure the firewall and the utility itself.
Once in the firewall, you should select “Rules for incoming connections”, and then “Create a rule”. In the window that opens, click on “For port” and “Next”. Then, set the values for UDP ports 7 and 9, allow connections to them (and disable its publicity). Finally, all that remains is to give the rule a name and confirm the changes with the “Done” button.
The first step in setting up TeamViewer is to link the computer to account. This is required for security purposes as the software is not intended to be used for illegal activities, therefore the computer must belong to the person who wants to access it.
Linking an account is carried out by entering the e-mail and password for the account in a special dialog box, which the user can easily find on his own. Once the account is assigned to the PC, you will need to configure Wake-On-Lan via TeamViewer ID. This is useful if the device does not have a public address.
In the network settings of the utility, you need to find the “Incoming connections” item and change its value to “Accept”. Then in the same section you need to select “Configuration”, after which a dialog box with WOL wake-up functions will appear. In "Other TeamViewer applications on your network" the user must enter and add their ID.
How to disable WOL
As soon as there is no need for Wake-On-Lan, it is better to disable the utility to preserve battery power and avoid interference with third-party equipment, which sometimes occurs when contacting a computer on which this function is enabled.
To do this, you will need to do the opposite of what is listed in the “How to enable WOL” section of this article. However, before this, you need to go to the properties of the network card and uncheck all the boxes in the “Power Management” tab so that the PC remains de-energized after shutdown and cannot be turned on at third-party request.
Then, in the “Advanced” section, the user must disable the launch of the device via Magic Packet, and to be sure of the success of the operation, it is worth deactivating WOL in BIOS settings. This is done in the same branch that was indicated above in the text.
How to check WOL functionality
The functionality of the utility can only be checked experimentally, while being directly next to the PC. This is done using TeamViewer or others third party programs and resources to send a Magic Packet.
However, there is one not very pleasant moment: some devices with Wake-On-Lan configured and enabled via the BIOS network automatically turn on the power supply without sending and receiving Magic Packet. The reason for this is the slightly increased functionality of Intel and 3COM network cards, which send a signal to turn on the PC via local network not only WOL is used. They also involve other events: by default, as a rule, several criteria are set at once, on which awakening depends.
This problem can be solved by changing the adapter settings using third-party software. You just need to remove unnecessary conditions for the function to work correctly.
Wake-on-LAN (WoL) is an underrated and underutilized part operating system Windows 10. If you are not a heavy user windows systems, then you probably won’t be interested in the phrase Wake-on-LAN. This function is associated with a local network connection, which in turn will be of interest to gamers and technical support. In the past, this setting was weak, but today, setting up the Wake-on-LAN feature in Windows 10 does more than it used to. So what is Wake-on-LAN? How can this be useful for ordinary users? And most importantly, how to set it up?
What is Wake-On-LAN?
Wake-on-LAN is network standard, allowing the computer to turn on remotely. It has an additional standard called Wake-on-Wireless-LAN (WoWLAN).
For WoL to work, you need three things:
- Your computer must be connected to a power source.
- The computer's motherboard must be ATX compatible. Don't worry, most modern motherboards meet the requirements.
- The computer's network card (Ethernet or wireless) must be enabled in WoL. WoL support is almost universal.
Wake-on-LAN is widespread in the computer world. Since support is required at the hardware level, WoL runs on computers running Windows control, Mac and Linux no problem. From a Windows perspective, your computer can start from any of the default power states, such as hibernation and sleep, as well as from complete shutdown nutrition.
How does Wake-On-LAN work?
Wake-on-LAN uses "magic packets"; when the network card detects a packet, it tells the computer to wake itself up. This is why your computer must be connected to a power source, even if it is turned off. WoL-enabled NICs will continue to receive a small charge 24/7 while they scan for "magic packets".
But what is happening?
The "magic packet" is sent from the server. There can be a lot of things on the server, for example specialized software, routers, websites, computers, mobile devices, smart TVs. The server sends the packet throughout your network. The package itself contains important information, including information about the subnet, network address and most importantly the MAC address of the computer you want to enable. All this information combined into one packet is called a wakeup frame. Your network card is constantly scanning for them.
Why is Wake-On-LAN useful?
Now you know what Wake-on-LAN is and how it works. But why is this useful? Why should the average user care about this technology?
Turn on your computer from anywhere
It's hard to imagine being on a business trip without forgotten files at home that you can't access remotely. To use your desktop remotely, you will need a remote desktop application that supports Wake-On-LAN. Popular Google Chrome Remote Desktop doesn't work, but it does give you that option.
Note: The BIOS must support Wakeup-on-PME (power management event). And then you can wake up the computer from the off state.
How to enable Wake-On-LAN
Enabling WoL is a two-step process. You need to configure Windows and your computer's BIOS.
Enabling Wake-On-LAN in Windows
- To enable Wake-on-LAN in Windows, you need to open the Device Manager application. Click Win+R and write devmgmt.msc.
- Scroll through the list of devices until you find network adapters. Click " > ", to expand the menu. Now you need to find your network card.
- If you don't know which one is your network card, type in search windows "System Information".
- Go to " Components" > "Net" > "Adapter" and on the right, find the product name or type. Remember these values and go back to the device manager.
- In Device Manager, click on your network adapter right click mouse and select properties. Next, in the new window that appears, go to the tab " Additionally", scroll down the list and find Wake-On-LAN, select value Enabled(included). The name may vary between devices and some will have Wake on magic packet.
- Next, go to the "tab" Power management" and you should have two items checked there: Allow this device to wake the computer from standby mode And Allow the computer to wake up from standby mode only using a "magic packet". Click OK.
Enabling Wake-On-LAN in BIOS
Unfortunately, the BIOS menu differs between computers and laptops, making it impossible to provide precise instructions. In general, you need to click specific key while your computer is booting. Typically, the buttons are Escape, Delete or F1. Look detailed guide, .
- In the BIOS menu you need to find the " "Power" and find the entry Wake-on-LAN and enable (Enabled). Don't forget to save the BIOS settings.
- The tab may also be named Power Management or you can find this function even in Advanced Settings.
Security implications of Wake on LAN
Magic packets are sent using the OSI-2 layer. In practice, this means that anyone on the same network as WoL can use your computer to download. In a home environment this is not a significant problem. IN public network this is more problematic. In theory, WoL only allows you to turn on computers. It will not bypass security checks, password screens, or other forms of security. This will also prevent you from turning off your computer again.
However, there have been cases where attackers used a combination of DHCP and PXE servers to boot a machine with their own boot image. This gives them access to any unprotected drives on the local network.
Wake on LAN technology will help you turn on your computer over the network using a “magic” package. In order for this packet to reach the network card normally, and for it to accept it and turn on the computer, you need to make some settings.
Setting up Wake on LAN on your computer.
The first step is to configure Windows. Let's take Windows 10 as an example. Press the key combination Win+X and select network connections. In network connections, find our network card (local area network connection), right-click on it and open properties, then click the configure button. Open the “Power Management” tab, here you need to check the “Allow this device to wake the computer from standby mode” checkbox. Then, if you are the happy owner of a Realtek network card, open the additional tab.
There are three parameters you need to check:
- Turning on via local network after disconnecting.
- Enable when pattern matches.
- Enable when the Magic Packet function is triggered.
The ability to turn on a computer over a network, even while on the other side of the world. All you need to remotely start a PC is to know the IP and MAC address (pre-configured router and enabled WOL setting in the BIOS on the computer being turned on).
How to set up Wake-on-LAN (WOL) on your computer
First you need to understand whether your PC's motherboard supports Wake on LAN. This can be found in CMOS settings BIOS in the "Power" section. In AMI BIOS v2.61 firmware, WOL is enabled in the Power - APM Configuration settings. In the item "Power On By PCI Devices" you need to select "Enabled".
How to find out IP and MAC addresses?
To find out the IP and MAC addresses, you need to enter the command ipconfig.exe /all in the command line or in the Start / Run menu.
Physical address: 54-A0-50-39-2F-20 – this is the MAC;
IPv4 address: 192.168.0.37 (primary) – this is IP;
In this case, IP is useless, because the Internet wire is not plugged directly into the computer, but through a router.
Setting up Wake-on-LAN on a router (router)
Sometimes a computer may be connected to a network using a router; you need to configure broadband message redirection to your PC. WOL with this type of Internet connection will only work with dedicated Internet access or when using custom routers (DLink, Linksys, etc.).
In this case, the IP that you specify in the syslab program must be the one that is specified on your router in the wan settings.
a. Example of setting up a TP-Link router:
1. Go to the Forwarding->Virtual Servers section.
2. add a “virtual server”, indicate its IP address and port that will be used to enable it. Typically ports 7 and 9 are used for Wake-On-LAN, but you can also specify any other port (from 1 to 65535). Set the protocol type to UDP or ALL.
3. Go to IP & MAC Binding->Binding Settings Enable Arp Binding option.
4.Add new entry for the computer that you will turn on remotely by specifying its IP and MAC addresses. Don't forget to also enable the Bind option for it.
The specification defines system states S1-S5 - "sleep states" in order of decreasing power consumption. S5 is a soft OFF state - everything is turned off, except for those devices through which the computer can be turned on. To power such devices, a standby voltage of +5V SB (+5V Standby) is used, generated by the computer's power supply when it is turned off, but not de-energized. To transition from one state S1-S4 to another (S2 to S1 for example), PME (Power Management Events) are used - power management events, most of which are caused by a hardware interrupt from a specific device.
"Wake On Lan" technology ("Magic packet" technology) is used to turn on the power supply remote computer, which is in a state of software shutdown ("Soft Off") by sending a specially formed Ethernet frame to its network adapter.
The remote computer must meet certain requirements:
- The equipment must comply with the ACPI specification and support for the "Wake On Lan" mode must be enabled in the BIOS settings.
- Have an ATX power supply.
- Have a network card that supports Wake On Lan (WOL) technology.
The network adapter on the switched off computer remains powered by the +5VSB power supply in standby mode for receiving a special Ethernet frame, the data field of which contains a sequence of 6 bytes FF and its own MAC address, repeated 16 times. Having received such a packet, the adapter generates a signal to turn on the computer's power supply.
Below is the content of the packet obtained using the traffic analyzer.
The receiver address (the first 6 bytes of the frame field) is FFFFFFFFFFFF (Broadcast), the source address is 0015F20016CA (6 bytes after the receiver address) In the hexadecimal dump area, the data field is highlighted in red. MAC address of the computer to be turned on is 00046175F9DA.
Almost all modern PCI network adapters and motherboards support this technology, however, there are some subtleties. If the motherboard has a PCI bus specification up to 2.2 (most models based on Pentium II and Pentium III processors), then it must have a 3-pin “Wake On Lan” connector and the same connector must be on the network adapter. They need to be connected with a special cable included with the adapter. For the case with the PCI 2.2 bus, such a connection is already made directly. If you have a Pentium II or older computer, Wake On Lan should work.
In the BIOS settings of modern motherboards, the term “Wake On Lan” is practically not used. Look for a value that is similar in meaning in the settings of the power management section ("Power Management Setup", or "ACPI Configuration", etc.), for example, "Wake-Up by PCI device", "Power on by Ethernet Card", etc. P.
Below is an example of the settings of the "Power - APM Configuration" section of AMI BIOS v2.61:
To enable Wake On Lan mode, you must set the item "Power On By PCI Devices" to "Enabled".
Just in case, the meaning of the remaining options:
Restore on AC Power Loss- behavior of the system in the event of a power failure. The value is Power Off - the system will remain off, Power On - the computer will turn on as soon as the power supply is restored.
Power On By RTC Alarm- turning on the power supply according to the computer’s internal clock (analogous to an alarm clock).
Power On By External Modes- the power supply will be turned on when incoming call on external modem, connected to the serial port.
Power On By PCIE Devices- allows the computer to be turned on from devices on the PCI-E bus. If your network card uses PCI-E bus, and not PCI, then to enable Wake On Lan mode you need to set this option to “Enable”.
Power On By PS/2 Keyboard- allows turning on power from a keyboard connected to the PS/2 connector
Well, the last thing that is needed to turn on the computer's power supply via a local network is a program that generates a WOL packet (Magic Packet). It's easy to find on the Internet. One of the options - broadc.exe- a utility for turning on a computer via a local network. (download, 32kb)
Format command line:
broadc.exe MAC address of the network card 255.255.255.255 67
Examples of use:
bbroadc.exe 0002b3d8b4e6 255.255.255.255 67- turn on the computer whose network card MAC address is 0002b3d8b4e6.
Option for Linux - wakeonlan- (download, ~5kb)
By default, the program uses a broadcast address and a UDP packet to port 9 (discadrd) to send Magic Packet. Therefore, inside the local network, to turn on the computer, just set the MAC address of the network card in the form 00:01:02:03:04:05
Command line format:
wakeonlan MAC address
Examples remote activation and turn off the computer in right time can be found in the section Windows Automation with nncron Lite.
This technology can be used not only on a local network, but also on the Internet, you just need to take into account the fact that the generated Magic Packet will pass through routers, i.e. it must contain the correct IP and MAC addresses. The Broadc.exe program mentioned above does not allow you to form a destination MAC address in the header of an Ethernet frame other than FFFFFFFFFFFF (Broadcast), so such a packet will not reach the recipient (a remotely turned on computer) because routers block broadcast packets. To generate a Magic Packet that allows you to remotely turn on a computer on a foreign network, you can use the utility wol.exe-(download, ~5kb) . Although smaller in size than broadc.exe, the program has somewhat greater capabilities. You can specify a name in command line parameters text file, containing a list of MAC addresses of computers for remote activation. Sample content:
# maclist - mac addresses for wakonlan - line starting with # is not processed - it is a comment
00:BA:BE:FA:CE:00 PC1 - Enable by MAC address
00:11:22:33:44:5A PC2
195.210.128.3-01:12:23:34:45:67 SERVER.COM - Enable by IP plus MAC
0xC0A801F0-12:23:34:45:56:67 HOST.RU - The same as before. case, but the IP is in hexadecimal.
By default, the program generates a UDP packet on port 60000. The port number can be changed. Examples:
wol.exe 01:02:03:04:05:06:
wol.exe 212.248.111.222-00:00:00:00:00:99
wol.exe -p=4096 212.248.111.222-00:00:00:00:00:99
Please note that the IP address in the startup options is not IP - the address of the computer being turned on, and the address of the enabled and accessible node that ensures the transmission of the packet to the final recipient, i.e. switched off computer. A switched off computer does not have loaded drivers and its IP address cannot be linked to a MAC address (ARP protocol) - wol will end with an IP resolution error. A fairly common reason that Wake On Lan “does not work” is the use of the IP address of the computer being turned on in the parameters of the programs to turn it on.
& nbsp This I successfully used the utility (wol.exe) to turn on the computer on the Stream network. The router through which the computer connects to the Internet is configured in such a way that a packet generated by the wol.exe utility and arriving at a specific port (for example, 4009) is sent to the local network with a broadcast MAC address. Typically, the network card accepts only those frames whose destination address matches the hardware address of the interface (its own MAC address) or the broadcast address (address FFFFFFFFFFFF). In the settings of the Zyxel P660RU2 ADSL modem (Network-NAT-Port Forwarding), a rule is created to redirect the received packet to the broadcast address 192.168.1.255:
Enable command:
Wol.exe -p=4009 <IP of the ADSL modem>-<MAC address of the computer’s network card>
For example:
wol.exe -p=4009 85.140.21.22-00:00:A0:80:87:99
And one more thing - remote power-on does not work if the computer has been completely de-energized, for example, if ~220V is lost. In such cases, to ensure that it turns on independently, you can use the BIOS mode setting in the "Power Management Setup" section - "Power on after power fail" or similar in meaning (“After AC Power Lost” - “POWER ON” - the name depends on the version and manufacturer of the BIOS). After ~220V appears, the computer should turn on on its own, without pressing the "Power" button.
The practice of using Wake On Lan has revealed another point - some computers, when enabling the network switching mode in the BIOS settings, turn on the power supply on their own, without even receiving a frame with the Magic Packet. The reason for this phenomenon is that some network cards (noted by Intel, 3COM) to turn on the power supply over the local network, they use not only WOL, but also other events (Wake on ARP, Wake on Link Change, etc.), and by default, several inclusion criteria are used at once. It is necessary. remove from the adapter settings (usually using special utility) extra conditions, and everything will work correctly.
Example, for network adapter Intel(R) PRO/100VE. Using the Intel(R) PROSet II utility (supplied with the adapter), uncheck all events except “Wake on Magic Packet”:
After saving the settings, your computer will turn on only when it receives a Magic Packet.
Sometimes allowing remote power on via local network in the BIOS settings is not enough. This is usually due to the characteristics of a particular type of network adapter. I’ll explain using the example of a network card based on the Atheros chipset (controller AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 PCI-E Ethernet Adapter). After setting the mode Power On by PCI-E Device in BIOS settings motherboard, the remote power on of the computer does not occur. In properties network connection There is a button for this adapter Tune
In the properties of the network controller there is a tab Additionally.
In this window you can view or change some parameters and operating modes of the selected network card. In particular, by default, modes Wake up after shutdown And Awakening Possibilities installed in No. This is why remote power-on is not possible. After setting the resolution, wake-up mode and frame type Magic Packet everything should work as expected.
For those who require software with graphical interface user, I can recommend a miniature and very easy-to-use utility - (download, ~78kb).
Determining the MAC address of the network card.
In LINUX, you can use the arping utility for these purposes:
Arping < IP address >
For example:
arping 192.168.0.1
On Windows, you can use the arp command to display the contents of the ARP cache on the screen. To ensure that the code is relevant for the required IP address, before the command arp can be done ping, i.e. execute sequentially:
Ping < IP >
arp -a
for example:
ping 192.168.0.1
arp -a
By the way, the same method can be used in LINUX.
Own The MAC address can be determined using the commands:
IN LINUX
ifconfig < interface > for example - ifconfig eth0
On Windows
ipconfig /all
In Windows XP and higher, you can use the console command to obtain the MAC address of your network card getmac.exe