For dummies 

Message personal computer as a system. Personal computer as a system. Questions and tasks

What is a computer. A computer, as its name suggests (in English the word computer came from the word compute– count, calculate) – this is a computing device. In fact, the computer can’t do anything else except count, count a lot and quickly. Various peripheral output devices, such as a monitor, printer, audio equipment, webcam, etc. they are simply capable of converting the results of these calculations in different ways into signals we can understand. Various input devices (keyboards, pointing devices, tablets, etc.) are engaged in the opposite task: converting external influences into sets of commands and data understandable to the computer. What a computer simply cannot exist without is a central processor and a storage device (computer memory). The first one can count, and the second one can store source data and calculation results. The computer performs calculations according to a program pre-installed in it. People write programs, but the computer's job is to execute them. We’ll talk about this in a little more detail at the end of the material, but now briefly about the form in which a computer perceives information.

Part 1. Features of presenting information on a computer

The smallest unit of information for a computer is one bit., which can take two values. One of the values ​​is considered equal to 1, and the other 0. At the hardware level (computer hardware), a unit of information is represented by triggers - a class of electronic devices that have the ability to remain in one of two states for a long time. The output voltage of such electronic devices can have two values, one of which is associated with zero and the other with one. If, on the basis of semiconductors, it was possible to easily and effectively create electronic devices capable of being in, for example, three or four states for a long time, then a bit would then be considered a unit of information that takes on three or more different values. Since modern computers are built on the basis of triggers, they use a binary number system.

What is a number system. A number system is a way of representing numerical information, determined by a set of symbols. We are familiar with the decimal number system, represented by a set of numbers from 0 to 9. A computer needs two characters to represent information: 0 and 1. Why this is so - I tried to answer a little higher when I described the nature of triggers - the hardware basis of modern computers. How are numbers represented in various systems I will show numbers using the example of decimal, binary and hexadecimal systems. The latter is widely used in low-level programming because it is more compact than binary, and numbers presented in hexadecimal can be easily converted to 2nd and vice versa.

Decimal number system “SI10”: (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9). Binary number system “SI2”: (0,1) Hexadecimal number system “SI16”: (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E, F) (symbols A, B, C, D, E and F are used to represent the numbers 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15)

So, an example: let's look at how the number 100 is represented using these systems.

“SI10”: 100= 1*100 +0*10+0*1 “SI2” : 01100100=0*128+ 1*64 +1*32 +0*16+0*8+1*4 +0*2+0*1 “SI16”: 64=6*16+4*1

It's all different positional number systems with different basis. Positional number systems are those systems in which the contribution to the total from each digit is determined not only by the value of this digit, but also by its position. Example Not The positional number system is the Roman system with its L,X,V,I. We find that the value of a number, which is designated in a positional number system with a specific base, is calculated as follows:

N=D 0 *B 0 +D 1 *B 1 +…+D n-1 *B n-1 +D n *B n, where D i is the value of the digit on i-th place, starting from 0, and B is the base of the number system. Don't forget that B 0 =1.

How to convert a number from hexadecimal to binary and vice versa. It’s simple, convert each digit in the hexadecimal system into 4 digits of the binary system and write the result sequentially, either from left to right or from right to left. Vice versa: you split the binary number into tetrads(4 digits strictly from right to left) and replace each tetrad separately with one of the symbols of the hexadecimal number system. If the last tetrad turns out to be incomplete, complete it with zeros on the left. Example:

1010111100110 -> 0001(1).0101(5).1110(14).0110(6) -> 15E6

In order to quickly multiply or divide a number by the base of the number system, simply shift all the digits to the left (multiplication) and to the right (division). Multiplying by 2 in the binary number system is called shift left(0 is added at the end), and integer division by 2 is shift to the right(the last character is removed). Example:

11011(27) > 1101(13)

Computer Information Units. WITH minimum unit Information in computer technology is understood - this is a bit. But the minimum addressable set of information is not a beat, but byte– a set of information represented by 8 bits and, as a result, capable of storing 256 (2 8) different values. What means minimum addressable set of information? This means that the entire computer memory is divided into sections, each of which has its own address (serial number). The minimum size of such a section is a byte. Of course, I'm simplifying the picture, but this moment such a representation is sufficient. Why 8 bits? This happened historically, and for the first time 8-bit (byte) addressing was used in IBM computers. They probably found it convenient that a unit of information can be easily represented by exactly two characters of the hexadecimal number system. Now let’s dispel the myths about the amount of data denoted by almost everyone with familiar words. kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte etc.

1 kilobyte (kb) = 2 10 bytes = 1024, not 1000 bytes. 1 megabyte (MB) = 2 20 bytes = 1048576 bytes = 1024 kilobytes, not 1000,000 bytes. 1 gigabyte (GB) = 2 30 bytes, 1 terabyte (TB) = 2 40 bytes, etc.

Part 2. Computer structure

How does a computer work?. Or What does computer consist of. The further narrative will be structured as follows. The description of the computer device will be presented at various levels. At the first level I will outline the main components of a modern computer, at the second and subsequent levels I will describe each part in more detail. To quickly find the information you need, use the following navigation.

Level 1. General computer structure

System unit

System unit computer - this is the same box from which the power cord sticks out, to which the monitor, keyboard, mouse and printer are connected, and into which CDs, flash drives and other devices are inserted external devices. We can say that all devices that are connected to the system unit from the outside are peripheral devices– performing secondary computer tasks. Well, the system unit itself contains all the most valuable and necessary things: the power supply, the system motherboard and the central processing unit (CPU) - the “brains” of the computer. And also, modules for controlling peripheral devices (controllers), video and sound cards, a network card and modem, transport routes for transmitting information (buses) and much more useful. However, all this is primarily true for domestic and office computers. For example, looking at a laptop, it is difficult to say where its system unit ends and peripherals. All this division is arbitrary, especially since there are also communicators, tablet computers and other portable computing devices.

This category includes all devices that allow you to enter information into a computer. For example, keyboard, mouse, joystick, web camera and touch screen allow a person to do this, and a CD reader or memory card reader simply reads information from external media automatically. Input devices often include only means for human input of information, while all others are called external storage media drives.

These are devices that are designed to display the results of computer calculations. The monitor displays information graphically in electronic format, the printer does almost the same thing, but on paper, and the audio system reproduces information in the form of sounds. All these are means feedback with a person in response to their input of information through input devices.

Other devices

This category includes any devices connected to a computer, from flash cards and portable hard drives, to modems (including wi-fi), routers, etc. Classifying devices is a thankless task, since it can be done in completely different ways, and you can always be right. For example, a built-in modem is difficult to classify as a peripheral device, although external modem performs exactly the same functions. A modem is a device for organizing communication between computers, and it does not matter where it is located. The same can be said about network card. A hard drive is, first of all, a non-volatile storage device that can be either internal or external. The above classification of computer equipment is based primarily on the physical location of a particular device in a classic personal computer and only then on its purpose. This is just one way of classification and nothing more.

Level 2. Contents of the system unit of a modern computer

First, a few words about computer speed. This property is characterized by the clock speed and performance of the system. The higher they are, the faster the computer works, but these are not synonyms. Performance of any system component is the number of elementary operations it performs per second. Clock frequency– this is the frequency of synchronizing pulses supplied to the system input by the clock pulse generator, which, in turn, determines the number of executions sequentially operations per unit of time. But productivity can be increased by providing the ability to perform basic operations parallel at the same clock speed, as exemplified by multi-core CPU architectures. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate not only clock frequency, with which the processor works, but also its architecture.

Now about the computer components. With the case and power supply, I think everything is clear and without comment. System motherboard and central processor- This is the heart of the computer and it is they who manage the computing processes. A more detailed story about them below. Tires is a means of transmitting information between various computer devices. Tires are divided into control bus, which transmit command codes; address buses, which, as their name suggests, serve to pass the address of a set of arguments defined by the command context or the address where the result should be placed; And data buses, which directly transmit the data itself - arguments and results of command execution. Controllers- These are microprocessor devices designed to control hard drives, external storage media drives and other types of devices. Controllers are intermediaries between the central processor infrastructure and specific device connected to the computer. HDD is a non-volatile information storage device. Non-volatility of a storage device is its ability not to lose information after a power outage. In addition to user data, HDD contains program code operating system, including drivers various devices. Device Driver is a program that controls its controller. operating system, For example, Microsoft Windows, controls all devices through drivers that have an understandable software interface. Drivers are usually developed by computer component suppliers separately for each type of operating system. Also, the system unit cannot do without a cooling system and a control panel that allows you to turn the computer on and off.

Level 3. How a computer works

How data is represented on a computer. All data for a computer is a set of numbers. How are positive ones stored? whole numbers, I told you at the very beginning. Data, which can be either positive or negative, stores the sign (0-plus, 1-minus) in the first bit (1st bit). I won’t talk in detail about the features of storing real numbers, but you should know that real numbers are represented on the computer using mantissa And exhibitors. The mantissa is a proper fraction (the numerator is less than the denominator) in which the first decimal place is greater than zero (in the binary system, this means that the first decimal place is 1). The value of real numbers is calculated by the formula D=m*2 q, where m is the mantissa, and q is the exponent equal to log 2 (D/m). In memory, the computer stores not the mantissa itself, but its significant part - the decimal places. The more digits (bits) allocated for the mantissa, the higher the accuracy of the representation of real data. Example:

The number PI in the decimal number system looks something like this: PI=3.1415926535... Let's reduce the number to the form of a proper fraction multiplied by 10 to the appropriate power: PI=3.1415926535 = 0.31415926535*10 1 =m*10 q, where m =0.31415926535, q=1.

Thus, we represented a real number as two integers, since to store the mantissa it is enough to store only the decimal places (31415926535). It must be taken into account that both the mantissa and the exponent can be both positive and negative numbers. If the number is negative, then the mantissa is negative. If the number is less than one tenth, then the exponent is negative (in the decimal system). In the binary number system, the exponent is negative if the number is less than 0.5. Now let's try to do the same in the binary number system.

Let's round the original number a little: PI 10 = 3.1415 = 3 + 0.1415 So, 3 in the binary system is 11. Now let's deal with the fractional part. 0.1415= 0 *0.5+0 *0.25+1 *0.125+…= 0 *2 -1 +0 *2 -2 +1 *2 -3 +... As a result, we get approximately the following: PI 2 =11.001001000011=0.11001001000011*2 2 =m*2 q, where m=0.11001001000011, and q=2.

Now it should become clear what I meant by the accuracy of the representation of real numbers. 14 digits were spent on the mantissa, and for the PI number it was possible to save only a few decimal places (in the decimal number system). Also, when working on a computer, you may encounter the following form of writing a number:

6.6725E-11 This is nothing more than 6.6725*10 -11 Text is a sequence of characters, and each character has its own numeric code. There are several text encodings. The most well-known and widely used text encodings are ASCII and UNICODE. Graphic arts is a sequence of dots, each of which corresponds to a specific color. Each color is represented by 3 integers: the components red (red), green (green) and blue (blue) RGB colors palettes. The more digits allocated for color storage, the greater the range of colors you can operate. Video is just a sequence of static frames. There are video compression technologies that, for example, store individual sections of video as one frame and a sequence of deltas - the differences between subsequent frames and the previous one. Provided that adjacent frames do not differ in absolutely all points (for example, animation), this approach allows you to save on the total amount of material. Sound is a signal that can be converted from an analogue representation to a digital one through sampling and quantization (digitization). Naturally, digitization will lead to a loss of quality, but that is the price of digital sound.

How the calculation process is organized. Motherboard - This printed circuit board, on which it is installed CPU (CPU). Also, through special connectors, RAM modules, a video card, sound card and other devices. The motherboard is an aggregating link in the architecture of a modern computer. The motherboard is equipped system controller (north bridge ), providing communication between the central processor and RAM and graphics controller, as well as peripheral controller (south bridge), responsible for communication with peripheral device controllers and read-only storage. The North and South Bridges together form motherboard chipset- its basic chipset. RAM or random access memory ( RAM) is a volatile computer memory that stores the executable program and the program data itself. The amount of RAM affects the performance of the computer, since it is the RAM that determines the amount of information processed at any given time. Read Only Memory (ROM) is energy Not dependent computer memory, which stores the most important information for it, including the computer's initial boot program (before loading the operating system) - BIOS(basic input/output system - basic input/output system). ROM data is usually written by the motherboard manufacturer. Video card is an independent board with its own processor and its own RAM (video memory), designed to quickly convert graphic information into a form that can be directly displayed on the screen. The video card processor is optimized for working with graphics, including processing 3D graphics. Thus, the video card processor relieves the central processor from this type of work. The higher the amount of video memory, the faster and more often the computer is able to update data on the screen, and the wider the range of colors that can be used. A central processing unit (CPU) may consist of several processors, each of which is capable of executing its own program in parallel with the others. Previously, processor and processor core were synonymous. Nowadays, a CPU can consist of several processors, and each processor can consist of several cores. Core microprocessor is arithmetic logic unit (ALU), core controller and set system registers. The ALU, as its name suggests, can perform operations on numbers loaded into registers. A set of registers is used to store the address of the current command (commands are stored in RAM, and the IP (Instruction Pointer) register points to the current command), addresses of the data loaded to execute the command, and the data itself, including the result of the command. The kernel, in fact, controls this entire process, executing low-level processor commands. Such commands include loading data into registers, executing arithmetic operations, comparing the values ​​of two registers, moving to the next instruction, etc. The microprocessor itself communicates with the RAM through the RAM controller. Although the access time to RAM is much shorter than, for example, the time to access information on a hard drive, this time still becomes noticeable during intensive calculations. To organize the storage of data, the access time of which should be minimal, ultra-random access memory (cache memory) is used.


Who or what controls the calculation process. The calculation process, as I said at the beginning, is controlled by computer program. Programs are written in various programming languages ​​and most often in . Main high level are: declaration of variables various types, performing arithmetic and logical operations, conditional statements and cycles. A person programming in a high-level language does not need to think about how the information he processes is represented in the computer. All calculations are mainly described in the decimal number system familiar to him. The programmer defines it in the form in which it is convenient for him. He has at his disposal a serious arsenal of ready-made software components, solutions and programming technologies: organizational tools, services for working with, etc. and so on. Further, special programs, called compilers, translate program text into machine code - a command language understandable to the computer's central processor. What a program looks like in a high-level programming language can, for example, be seen on the pages of this site, and what a program looks like in a low-level language close to machine code (), see below (this program just displays the message “Hello, world”) .

386 .model flat, stdcall option casemap:none include \masm32\include\windows.inc include \masm32\include\kernel32.inc includelib \masm32\lib\kernel32.lib .data msg db "Hello, world", 13, 10 len equ $-msg .data? written dd? .code start: push -11 call GetStdHandle push 0 push OFFSET written push len push OFFSET msg push eax call WriteFile push 0 call ExitProcess end start

One statement in a high-level language is transformed into tens or even hundreds of lines of machine code, but since this happens automatically, there is no need to worry about this. At the moment the program is launched, the operating system allocates a separate one for it, loads the machine code into RAM, initializes the registers (the address of the very first instruction is placed in the IP register), and the computing process begins.

I believe that within the framework of this material the story is about how it works modern computer, you can finish. Now you know in general terms what it consists of and how it works, and you can easily find the details on the Internet.

We looked at various computer devices separately. Now we can discuss what a personal computer is as a system in which these devices are present.

Open Architecture Principle

Talking about design computer systems, the principle of open architecture is often mentioned, which implies establishing a standard for the way a computer operates and its configuration, that is, the hardware that makes up the computer and the connections between them. The implementation of this principle in practice makes it possible to assemble computers from individual parts that can be manufactured by a wide variety of companies.

In order for the computer to be easily upgraded or supplemented with new devices over time, it has special internal slots where the user can insert various devices (new hard drive, modem, additional memory, etc.). Thus, you can always achieve the desired computer configuration - in accordance with the specifics of its use.

Connecting computer devices

Assuming that it is possible to assemble a computer from various devices, it is necessary to make certain assumptions about how these devices will be able to interface, that is, what their interface will be (English interface - pairing). An interface is a means of connecting two devices, in which all physical and logical parameters are consistent with each other. In our case, to connect computer devices to each other, it is necessary to require that they have the same interface.

An interface approved at the level of international agreements is called standard.

Each of the functional elements (memory, monitor or other device) is associated with a bus of a certain type - address, control or data bus.

To coordinate interfaces when connecting peripheral devices, controllers, adapters and ports are used.

Controllers and adapters are electronic circuits, which ensure compatibility of interfaces of various computer devices. Controllers, in addition, control peripheral devices based on processor requests.

Device ports are also electronic circuits that contain one or more input/output registers and allow computer peripherals to be connected to external processor buses.

In addition, the term port is used when talking about standard interface devices: serial, parallel and game ports (or simply interfaces).

A serial port is usually used to connect relatively “slow” or fairly remote devices(for example, a mouse or modem). Faster devices (for example, a printer or scanner) are connected to the parallel port. A joystick is connected through the game port. The keyboard and monitor have their own specialized ports (regular connectors).

Basic electronic components, which determine the processor architecture, are located on the main board of the computer, which is called the system or mother board.

computer hardware electronic processor

Lesson No. 7. In 7th grade

Subject: " Personal Computer as a system. Objects and systems"

Goals:

Educational:

    consolidate schoolchildren’s ideas about systems of objects;

    give an idea of ​​the PC as a system;

    test your knowledge on the topic “objects and systems”

Developmental:

    develop logical thinking, memory, attention, ability to compare and analyze, ability

apply the acquired knowledge and skills when performing practical exercises;

Educational:

    to form a set of universal educational actions that ensure the ability to learn, i.e.

process information;

    to form the information culture of schoolchildren;

    form a deeper understanding of object systems and their features;

    form ideological positions;

Equipment:

    computer,

    board

    projector

Software

    presentation

    multimedia projector, computer

Lesson type:

    explanatory and demonstration

During the classes

    Organizing time

Checking those present in the lesson, preparing students for the lesson.

    Checking homework

    Textbook: §1.7.

    Workbook: visual check of assignment completion: p. 25-26 No. 41.42

    Repetition of past material

    Give the concept of “Black box”

    Give an example of interaction between the system and the environment. Specify inputs and outputs

systems.

    Learning new material

One of the objects that we consider in computer science lessons is a PC, so today we will look at a PC as a system.

Let us remember: a system is a whole consisting of parts interconnected. The parts that make up a system are called its elements, i.e. A PC consists of certain parts with the help of which it can perform certain actions, namely, work efficiently with information.

If we look at a PC system, we can distinguish 3 subsystems: hardware, software, informational resources. The OS is the most important program on a PC.

Application programs– creation of images, texts, videos.

Instrumental software – development of other programs that will fulfill our requirements.

A PC is part of the “Man - PC” system; in order for a person to work normally on a PC, to be able to understand it, there must be means that ensure the relationship between the objects of the system - this is an object - a person, an object - a PC.The means that ensure the relationship between a person and a computer is an interface.

The interface can be divided into 4 groups.

If the PC showed us the information that it sees itself, i.e. 101000, we would not understand anything. Thanks to the fact that there are operating systems that convert 101100 into the form we are familiar with, we can work normally on a PC.

    Summarizing new material PC – system – including subsystems of hardware, software and information resources.

PC is a subsystem of the “man-computer” system.

The means that provide interconnection between the objects of this system are called an interface.

User interface is the interaction between human and computer.

    Consolidating new material

Workbook: p. 35 No. 48

    Test

Evaluation criteria:

1-3 –(0-49%) - 2

4 – (50-70%) - 3

5 - (71-85%) - 4

6-7 - (86 – 100%) – 5

Part 2:

Test 1

Option 1.

1. Finish the sentence: “Any part of the surrounding reality, perceived by a person as a single whole, is called...”

    concept

    object

    subject

    system

2. Mark single object names:

    car

    birch

    Moscow

    Baikal

    Pushkin A.S.

    operating system

    keyboard trainer

    Windows XP

3. Mark operating system objects:

    Desktop

    window

    folder

    file

    computer

    properties

    dimensions

    behavior

    state

    actions

5. Specify the relationship for the “processor and system unit” pair:

    is an element of the set

    included in

    is a variety

    is the reason

6. Note the natural systems:

    solar system

    football team

    plant

    computer

    automobile

    mathematical language

7. Specify the subsystems included in the system " Hardware personal computer":

    input devices

    operating system

    application programs

Option 2.

Complete the sentence: “A whole consisting of interconnected parts is called...”

    concept

    object

    subject

    system

2. Note the common object names:

    car

    birch

    Moscow

    Baikal

    Pushkin A.S.

    operating system

    keyboard trainer

    Windows XP

3. Label the classroom objects:

    Desktop

    window

    folder

    file

    computer

4. Mark the signs that may be indicated in the message about the object:

    properties

    behavior

    state

    possibilities

    actions

5. Specify the relationship for the pair " graphics editor and MS Paint":

    is an element of the set

    included in

    is a variety

    is the reason

6. Mark technical systems:

    solar system

    football team

    plant

    computer

    automobile

    mathematical language

7. Specify the subsystems included in the “Personal Computer Software” system:

    input devices

    storage devices

    operating system

    application programs

    Summing up the lesson

Report grades to students and summarize the lesson.

    Homework Textbook: Read §1.8. Workbook: p.36 No. 50



Lesson No. 6. Personal computer as a system
Test
Goals:
Educational:
Developmental:



consolidate schoolchildren’s ideas about systems of objects;
give an idea of ​​the PC as a system;
test your knowledge on the topic “objects and systems”
develop logical thinking, memory, attention, ability to compare and analyze, ability

apply the acquired knowledge and skills when performing practical exercises;
Educational:
to form a set of universal educational actions that ensure the ability to learn, i.e.
process information;
to form the information culture of schoolchildren;
form a deeper understanding of object systems and their features;
form ideological positions;
Equipment:
computer,
board
projector





Software
presentation
multimedia projector, computer
Lesson type:

explanatory and demonstration
During the classes
1. Organizational moment
Checking those present in the lesson, preparing students for the lesson.
2. Checking homework
1. Textbook: §1.7.
2. Workbook: visual check of assignment completion: p. 2526 No. 41.42
3. Repetition of past material
1. Give the concept of “Black box”
2. Give an example of interaction between the system and the environment. Specify inputs and outputs
systems.
1

7th grade________6th lesson ______ Personal computer as a system Lesson date__________
4. Learning new material
One of the objects that, you and I
we look at it in computer science lessons -
This is a PC, so today we will look at
PC as a system.
Parts,
Let's remember:
the system is a whole
consisting of parts that are interconnected
between themselves.
forming
system are called its elements, i.e.
A PC consists of certain parts, with
with which he can perform
some actions
namely
work with information efficiently.
If we look at the PC system then
we can distinguish 3 subsystems in it:
hardware, software,
informational resources. OS is the most
main PC program.
Application programs - creation
images, texts, videos.
Tools – development
other programs
to be
fulfill our requirements.
The PC is part of the "Man" system
pc", so that a person can
work fine on a PC, I could use it
understand,
there must be means
which provide interconnection
between system objects – this is an object –
person, object – PC. Facilities,
providing interconnection between
man and computer is
interface.
2

7th grade________6th lesson ______ Personal computer as a system Lesson date__________
The interface can be divided into 4 groups.
If the PC showed us information
such as he sees himself, i.e. 101000, we
they wouldn't understand anything. Thanks to
there is a wasp, a cat. convert 101100 to the form,
familiar to us, we can normally
work on a PC.
5. Generalization of new material

provision
PC – system – including
hardware subsystems,
software
And
information resources.
PC is a subsystem of the human system
computer".
Interconnectivity Tools
between the objects of this system,
called an interface.
The user interface is
human-computer interaction.
6. Consolidation of new material
Workbook: p. 35 No. 48
7. Test
Evaluation criteria:
13 – 049% 2
4 5070% 3
5 (7185%) 4
67 (86 – 100%) – 5
3

7th grade________6th lesson ______ Personal computer as a system Lesson date__________
Part 2:
Test 1
Option 1.
1. Finish
perceived by a person as a single whole is called ... "
sentence: “Any part of the surrounding reality,




concept
object
subject
system
2. Mark single object names:
 machine

birch
 Moscow
 Baikal
 Pushkin A.S.


Windows XP
operating system
keyboard trainer
3. Mark operating system objects:

Desktop

window

folder
 file

computer

5. Specify the relationship for the “processor and system unit” pair:
is an element of the set
included in
is a variety
is the reason
6. Mark the natural systems:
 Solar system
 football team



 mathematical language
plant
computer
automobile
properties
dimensions
behavior
state
actions










7. Indicate the subsystems included in the “Hardware for personal
computer":
input devices
4

















2. Note the common object names:
concept
object
subject
system
 machine

birch
 Moscow
 Baikal
 Pushkin A.S.


Windows XP
operating system
keyboard trainer
3. Label the classroom objects:

Desktop

window

folder
 file

computer
properties
behavior
state
possibilities
actions
is an element of the set
included in
is a variety
is the reason
7th grade________6th lesson ______ Personal computer as a system Lesson date__________
storage devices
operating system
application programs
Option 2.
Complete the sentence: “A whole, consisting of parts that are interconnected,
called..."
4. Mark the signs that may be indicated in the message about the object:
5. Specify the relationship for the pair “graphics editor and MS Paint”:
6. Mark the technical systems:
 Solar system
 football team



 mathematical language
plant
computer
automobile
7. Indicate the subsystems included in the “Software” system
personal computer."

AVL vs Red-Black. Red-black property. Height assessment. Let's insert d. An example of a double right turn. Height balanced binary tree. Analysis. An example of a red-black tree. AVL trees. Let's remove f. Turns. Visual demonstration. Estimating tree height. New node. Red-black tree. Left child node. Balancing during removal. The height of some subtree. Container. Let's insert f. Peaks.

“Remote control system” - Gate mechanism. Sources of obstacles. Marquise. Mode. Radio control. Connection diagram. Lighting of summer cottages. Drive mechanism for gates. Transmitters. Radius of action. Distance. Remote controller remote control. Creation of light scenes. Receivers for open installation. Example of use. Signal transmission obstruction. Awning control. Idea. Minimum distance. Receivers. Remote control systems.

"Computer terms" - Information. Device. Windows Registry. Computer components. Internet link. Operating system. Online nickname. Avatar. CD burner drive. Flash drive. Clicking a mouse button. Banner. Virus program. Start watching. The local network. Dictionary of computer terms. Motherboard. Windows. Sound. Spam.

“The software principle of computer operation” - Software simulation. Implementation. Compiled languages. Computer components. Situation. Translators. Sequence management. Computer states. Organization of a traditional computer. Compilation. Representation of a constant. Assignment operator. Broadcast time. Hardware and software computer. Virtual computers. Language implementation time. The influence of machine architecture. Binding.

“Searching for information on a computer” - File name masks. Sequential search. Examples of information processing processes. Road map. Your possible actions. Practical work"Search for information". Automated processing information. Which refers to search attributes. Types of communication. Information retrieval and management. Search for information. Control commands. Find out the author and title of the play. What is a self-governing system? Block search.

“School computer” - System unit. The language of Hell. Disk. Computer without a program. Display. Scanner. Poem. Smart TV. School computer. Analytical engine of Ch. Babbage. First printer. Keyboard. How does information get into a computer? Prophetic words. Computer. Ada Augusta Lovelace. The first electronic computers. CPU.