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Provide support for roaming between access points. Seamless wifi roaming using capsman v2 in Mikrotik. Which devices support seamless Wi-Fi

802.11R. Fastswitching between points (handover)

Many Wi-Fi manufacturers promise seamless switching between access points using their “brilliant” proprietary protocol.

Despite the beautiful promises, in practice, delays during switching (handover) can be significantly longer than the stated 50-100 ms (switching can take up to 10 seconds when using the WPA2-Enterprise protocol). The fact is that the decision to switch to another access point is always made by the client equipment. Those. Your smartphone, laptop or tablet decides when to switch and how to do it.

Often the proprietary protocols of well-known Wi-Fi manufacturers are based on forced de-authentication of the device when the signal quality deteriorates. Sometimes in Wi-Fi settings points, you can set “roaming aggressiveness” - the minimum signal value at which the device will be “thrown out” of the network. Often client equipment does not react correctly to such a “kick in the ass.” The TCP session is terminated and file downloading stops. The connection with mail server, virtual machine. Connecting to the SIP server requires re-authentication.


Quite often, the client device, instead of connecting to a nearby point with a better signal ( pushes him to this decisionWiFicontroller) tries to re-establish the connection with the previous point to no avail. It’s even worse if the device tries to connect to another network from the list of saved ones (for example, a guest network).

But even if the switching process goes according to plan, repeated key exchange (EAP) and authorization on the Radius server (WPA-2 Enterprise) take up significant time.

To solve these problems, the Wi-Fi Association developed the 802.11R protocol. Currently, most mobile devices support it (Apple starting with iPhone 4S, Samsung Galaxy S4, Sony Xperia Z5 Compact, BlackBerry Passport Silver Edition,...)

The essence of 802.11R is that the mobile device knows its own and foreign points by the mobile domain membership signal (MDIE). This signal added to the SSID beacon signal.

If your iPhone saw a dot from its mobile domain with best level signal/noise, before starting the switching procedure along the existing “thread”, it carries out preliminary authorization with another point in the mobile domain.

Secondly, authorization takes place according to a simplified scenario - instead of lengthy authorization on the Radius server, the client device exchanges the PMK-R1 key with the Wi-Fi controller. (The initial key PMK-R0 is transmitted only during primary authentication and is stored in the memory of the Wi-Fi controller).

At the moment when another point has “retrospectively” authorized the device, the actual handover occurs. Reconfiguring the frequency and channel in a smartphone takes no more than 50 milliseconds. In most cases, it goes completely unnoticed for the user.

When choosing a solution for an office Wi-Fi network, pay attention to whether the selected equipment supports the open 802.11R roaming protocol, which is understandable for client devices. For example, Edimax Pro equipment fully supports this protocol, so in most cases there are no problems with roaming. However, if your device is old and does not understand the 802.11R protocol, it is possible to adjust the aggressiveness of roaming based on the signal dropping below a threshold - as other Wi-Fi manufacturers do, touting it as an "innovative solution".

802.11 K.Load Balancing in a Wireless Network

In addition to roaming problems, corporate users often have to deal with congestion at one access point. In a classic Wi-Fi implementation, all devices try to connect to the access point with the best signal. Sometimes, as a result of an incorrect location of the point (radio planning error), all the “office inhabitants” are registered at one point, while the rest are “resting”.

Due to uneven load the speed drops significantly local network, because the radio broadcast is one big “hub” where devices “speak in turn.”

To smooth out unevenness and optimally distribute users between points operating on different radio channels, the 802.11K protocol was developed.

802.11K works in conjunction with 802.11R (as a rule, devices that support the “R” standard also support the “K” standard).

If a mobile device “sees” a beacon signal from other points in the same mobile domain, the device sends a broadcast request “Radio Measurement Request frame”, which requests information about the current state of other access points within the visibility range:

    number of registered users

    average channel speed (number of packets transmitted)

    how many bytes were transferred in a certain time interval

In the extended specification of the standard, the client's smartphone can query the channel status from other mobile devices connected to the potential interesting point accesses that support the 802.11K standard. Devices respond not only with real statistics, but also with signal/noise status.

Thus, if your smartphone sees 2 or more points within one mobile domain, it will choose not the point with the best signal, but the point that will provide higher connection speed to the local network (less congested).

Reception conditions, the number of users and the load at the point can change dynamically, but using the 802.11K and 802.11R protocols, devices will switch seamlessly and the network load will always be distributed evenly.

Many manufacturers using proprietary protocols implement something similar to 802.11K, where an “overloaded” point forcibly disconnects clients with worse reception conditions or limits the maximum number of simultaneously registered devices and disables registration if the number of clients exceeds acceptable limits. These proprietary protocols are not as effective, but still prevent the Wi-Fi network from collapsing completely.

How to save on radio planning thanks to802.11K

The use of equipment that supports the 802.11R and 802.11K protocols partially corrects errors made during radio planning. Dynamic protocols with roaming support make it possible to prevent overloads of individual points and distribute the load between points evenly throughout the network.

The WiFi-solutions team recommends that you always do radio planning, but sometimes in small networks, you can arrange the points chaotically. Dynamic protocols will improve Wi-Fi quality and load distribution between channels of neighboring points.

Application dynamic protocols For seamless roaming allows you to reduce overlap areas. Thus, high-quality coverage can be ensured with a smaller number of points. Savings on equipment - up to 25%.

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In the corporate environment, WiFi is becoming increasingly prominent and plays an increasingly important role. You can connect a smartphone or tablet to WiFi, but, more importantly, a corporate phone, a mobile data collection terminal or an online cash register for accepting payments and printing receipts. It’s good if the WiFi network coverage area your business needs is small, and you can get by with an ordinary inexpensive access point, but what if wireless communication need to cover thousands of square meters over several floors? There are certainly options.

Firstly, you can “produce” many WiFi networks on many autonomous access points. The bad option is that such a farm is difficult and inconvenient to manage, when moving around the enterprise territory, some mobile devices you will have to switch between these networks manually, and, most importantly, all this will have to be explained to users who do not always understand IT well and are simply unable to absorb these intricacies. This solution has only one advantage: it is cheap.

Secondly, Can broadcast one WiFi network using the same type of autonomous access points supporting WDS technology. The main disadvantage of this solution is that the vast, absolute and unconditional majority of more or less affordable (up to 300 USD) access points from popular vendors work poorly in WDS mode. Broadcasting may disappear and be restored, connectivity between the main and dependent access points will be disrupted, and mobile devices will lose connection and, along with it, their functional characteristics. So it’s better to leave this option for real samurai.

The ideologically and technologically correct option is to use a controller and dependent access points. This option is called “seamless WiFi”. Its essence is that there can be many access points, and they are managed and broadcast by one centralized controller device. Controller:

  • monitors the status of slave access points and the load on them;
  • adjusts the signal strength and throughput depending on the number of clients and the nature of their work;
  • independently restores areas unserved due to equipment failures by increasing the coverage area from nearby access points;
  • provides web authentication and dynamic Accounts for the implementation of the so-called “guest access” (for some controllers options are available such as printers for generating and printing temporary user credentials);
  • provides fast roaming, with which you can freely move, for example, with a WiFi phone between the coverage areas of different access points, without interrupting the conversation or experiencing any interruptions in communication. At the same time, the controller promptly sends a signal to your device from the closest access point.

Modern controllers allow you to connect access points via WiFi in repeater mode (the so-called Mesh technology) without cable connection to the network, and also provide integration with related IT systems (for example, Active Directory, geolocation services, etc.).

How to build seamless Wi-Fi

Our catalog of solutions has already carefully selected and described options for household, corporate and industry WiFi solutions: . And if you go “at the top”, then the most successful options for seamless Wi-Fi on the market are represented by the following vendors:

2. Another American manufacturer reigns in the middle-end segment - . Relatively inexpensive, Cambium is also reliable and performs well.


Similar to Ruckus Unleashed, Cambium can also operate in controller-less network management mode. Cambium calls this ecosystem autoPilot, which supports up to 32 access points in the network and up to 1000 wireless clients. Functionally, it is almost as good as the version with a controller, and also does not require any investment, in addition to purchasing the access points themselves, there is no need to buy licenses, service contracts and their updates.

Do you need faster, higher, stronger? Please! Free cloud The cnMaestro controller already supports up to 4,000 access points and up to 25,000 wireless clients. The software can be installed completely free of charge on own server, if beliefs do not allow the use of cloud solutions. Cambium’s functionality is also all right: here you have centralized ecosystem management, geolocation services, analytics, radio broadcast analysis, integration with related systems... in general, everything your heart desires.

The disadvantage of Cambium can be considered its relatively poor line of access points: . Although everything you need is present in it: There are access points with sector antennas, supporting 802.11ac Wave 2, MU-MIMO 4x4:4, outdoor and indoor. In general, a complete gentleman's set is at your service!

3. In the budget segment, the competition is much higher, but we highlight TP-LINK among other daring Chinese. This is the main and most interesting competitor of Ubiquiti (which will be discussed below), although such a comparison in 2019 is no longer flattering for TP-LINK.


First, let's look at the TP-LINK label itself: actually, there are two of them. There is TP-LINK, which makes cheap home routers and plastic switches, and there is TP-LINK, which makes Enterprise line products - WiFi systems, switches Smart series, accessories for them. This is actually 2 different companies, because there are no intersection points between these two directions neither in the field of scientific development, nor in production lines. And, for the sake of objectivity, Enterprise TP-LINK is of significantly higher quality than its younger brother, specializing in products for SOHO.

Now to WiFi. TP-LINK has a line of Auranet CAP- V currently in some kind of oblivion (but this is temporary). The solution ceiling is 500 access points, 10,000 wireless clients. Controllers are hardware only, for 50 or 500 access points. Access points - in a rather old, "clumsy" design, but with support for fair, seamless roaming in accordance with 802.11k/v standards, Beamforming, Band Steering, Airtime Fairness - in general, the set is completely complete. High Density cannot be provided on TP-LINK, of course, but we have already served events with 200-300 users in one room, and this has not caused any complaints from customers.

TP-LINK's second ecosystem is called Omada, it features EAP series access points. The controller - Omada Controller - is available in hardware version (with a limit of 50 access points in the 1st network), but there is also a software version that can be installed on a server under Windows control or Linux. EAP access points look modern, and, of course, they can do everything that a self-respecting access point needs to be able to do in 2019.

4. Our next patient is Ubiquiti UniFi series. This is when you want something beautiful and cheap. Moreover, it will always be “beautiful” with Ubiquiti, because... For them, everything is subordinated to design: from packaging to the design of control interfaces. And the design is truly perhaps the best in the industry. In general, Ubiquiti products are characterized by an extremely low price with a fairly high quality the product as a whole.


The main disadvantage of Ubiquiti is that it still does not support truly seamless WiFi roaming in accordance with IEEE standards, offering a proprietary implementation instead. Which works, well, let's say, so-so. Therefore, if you need to organize flawless operation of roaming WiFi clients with voice or video applications, then Ubiquiti, sadly, is no longer suitable for you. The same goes for High Density - this is not about Ubiquiti. In general, in the radio part, Ubiquiti is far from ideal, but thanks to the powerful component base, a very wide range of equipment and the right marketing policy, they are still one of the most popular manufacturers of WiFi solutions. In Russia, Ubiquiti reveals 2 more significant shortcomings: lack official service and representative offices. The first means that the guarantee on the territory of the Russian Federation works a little better than not at all, and the second means that you will have neither technical support nor certificates for equipment (which closes its way to state enterprises and telecom operators).

Ubiquiti's advantage is in their UniFi ecosystem, which now includes not only WiFi equipment, but also switches, routers, video surveillance, telephony, and more recently even some smart home components. Moreover, management of all this equipment is available through very beautiful and convenient applications (including mobile ones) that integrate with the Ubiquiti “cloud”, i.e. You can “steer” the UniFi ecosystem from anywhere on the planet, and this without any hassle with port forwarding, static IP addresses and other leapfrogs. Overall, it's really convenient.

5. Mikrotik, Edimax, Wisnetworks, TG-NET, etc. We are adding the 5th item in this list only because the number 5 is more beautiful than 4. Or it has a better reputation. Objectively, the vendors listed here do not yet even reach the level of Ubiquiti (they may not be worse, but in terms of the totality of factors of their market perception, they are still not so significant), but they still occupy some niche in the market and enjoy some popularity.

Let us boldly boast: we have accumulated extensive experience in deploying large Wi-Fi networks, we managed to “touch” a wide variety of solutions from most specialized vendors, and we know them strengths and pitfalls. We are ready to apply our experience for design and installation wireless networks at your enterprise. - save your time and money!

Seamless wifi roaming is the effective integration of several access points to a wireless Internet network into a continuous system under the control of their broadcasting by one central controller device. Properly installed and configured equipment allows you to use global network on any area on a permanent basis without partial or complete signal interruption. Depending on your goals, UmkaPro is always ready to design and purchase the necessary technical means, install and configure seamless Wi-Fi at any facility in Moscow.

The working principle of seamless WIFI

To cover a large area with access to a wireless Internet network, you can install a large number of autonomous points. However, in this option you will have to constantly switch while moving around the territory. This is not at all practical and inconvenient. Just to create unified network, in which the signal is not lost when switching between access points, and seamless wifi roaming has been developed.

The essence of its work is the simultaneous functioning of several access points. At the same time, their broadcasting is controlled by one controller, which:

  • monitors the load on each access point;
  • adjusts the signal and bandwidth, depending on the number of users;
  • guarantees high-speed roaming, through which you can freely move around the territory without interruption of data transmission. The controller constantly directs exactly to specific device signal from those access points that are closest.

What is seamless wifi based on?

Years of work in in this direction allow us to highlight the following types of equipment, which are the most successful modern option for equipping private homes, offices, shopping centers and other types of objects:

  1. Seamless wifi roaming Mikrotik CAPsMAN is a very reliable and relatively inexpensive equipment option that can cope with almost any task.
  2. Seamless wifi roaming Ubiquiti UniFi is the most universal, uninterrupted solution that provides a constant level of communication in any area.
  3. Seamless wifi roaming Zyxel is a more expensive version of the equipment, which, in addition to the standard controller, is also represented by special access points with controller functions.

Regardless of the size of the facility being equipped, our company’s specialists are always ready to qualitatively design and install Ubiquiti, Zyxel or Mikrotik wifi roaming. Years of work in this direction allow us to guarantee impeccable quality and efficiency of the installed system.

We understand roaming technologies (Handover, Band steering, IEEE 802.11k, r, v) and conduct a couple of visual experiments demonstrating their work in practice.

Introduction

Wireless networks of the IEEE 802.11 standards group are developing extremely quickly today, new technologies, new approaches and implementations are appearing. However, as the number of standards grows, they become increasingly difficult to understand. Today we will try to describe several of the most common technologies that are classified as roaming (procedure reconnection to a wireless network), and also see how seamless roaming works in practice.

Handover or "client migration"

Once connected to a wireless network, the client device (be it a smartphone with Wi-Fi, tablet, laptop or PC equipped with wireless card) will support wireless connection if the signal parameters remain at an acceptable level. However, when the client device moves, the signal from the access point with which the connection was originally established may weaken, which will sooner or later lead to a complete inability to transmit data. Having lost connection with the access point, the client equipment will select a new access point (of course, if it is within reach) and connect to it. This process is called handover. Formally, handover is a migration procedure between access points, initiated and performed by the client himself (hand over - “transfer, give, concede”). In this case, the SSIDs of the old and new points do not even have to match. Moreover, the client may be on a completely different IP subnet.

To minimize the time spent reconnecting a subscriber to media services, it is necessary to make changes both to the underlying wired infrastructure (make sure that the client's external and internal IP addresses do not change) and to the handover procedure described below.

Handover between access points:

  1. Determine a list of potential candidates (access points) for switching.
  2. Set the CAC status (Call Admission Control - call availability control, that is, essentially, the degree of device load) of the new access point.
  3. Determine the moment to switch.
  4. Switch to new access point:

In IEEE 802.11 wireless networks, all handover decisions are made by the client side.

Source: frankandernest.com

Band steering

Band steering technology allows the wireless network infrastructure to transfer clients from one frequency range to another, usually we are talking about forcing the client to switch from the 2.4 GHz band to the 5 GHz band. Although band steering is not directly related to roaming, we decided to mention it here anyway since it is related to client device switching and is supported by all of our dual-band access points.

In what case might it be necessary to switch a client to another frequency range? For example, such a need may be associated with transferring a client from the congested 2.4 GHz band to the freer and higher-speed 5 GHz. But there are other reasons.

It is worth noting that on this moment There is no standard that strictly regulates the operation of the described technology, so each manufacturer implements it in its own way. However, the general idea remains roughly the same: access points do not advertise an SSID in the 2.4 GHz band to a client performing an active scan if that client has been observed to be active on the 5 GHz band for some time. That is, access points, in fact, can simply remain silent about the presence of support for the 2.4 GHz band, if it was possible to establish that the client supports the 5 GHz frequency.

There are several operating modes of band steering:

  1. Forced connection. In this mode, the client is, in principle, not informed about the presence of support for the 2.4 GHz band, of course, if the client has support for the 5 GHz frequency.
  2. Preferred connection. The client is forced to connect to the 5 GHz band only if the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) is above a certain threshold, otherwise the client is allowed to connect to the 2.4 GHz band.
  3. Load balancing. Some clients that support both frequency bands connect to the 2.4 GHz network, and some connect to the 5 GHz network. This mode will prevent overloading the 5 GHz band if all wireless clients support both frequency bands.

Of course, clients with support for only one frequency range will be able to connect to it without problems.

In the diagram below we tried to graphically depict the essence of band steering technology.

Technologies and standards

Let us now return to the process of switching between access points. In a standard situation, the client will maintain the existing association with the access point for as long as possible (as possible). Exactly as long as the signal level allows it. As soon as the situation arises that the client can no longer support the old association, the switchover procedure described earlier will begin. However, handover does not happen instantly; it usually takes more than 100 ms to complete, and this is already a noticeable amount. There are several radio resource management standards working group IEEE 802.11, aimed at improving wireless network reconnection time: k, r and v. In our Auranet line, 802.11k support is implemented on the CAP1200 access point, and in the Omada line, 802.11k and 802.11v protocols are implemented on the EAP225 and EAP225-Outdoor access points.

802.11k

This standard allows a wireless network to report to client devices a list of neighboring access points and the channel numbers on which they operate. The generated list of neighboring points allows you to speed up the search for candidates for switching. If the current access point's signal weakens (for example, the client is removed), the device will search for nearby access points from this list.

802.11r

Version r of the standard defines the FT - Fast Transition (Fast Basic Service Set Transition) function, which allows you to speed up the client authentication procedure. FT can be used when switching a wireless client from one access point to another within the same network. Both authentication methods can be supported: PSK (Preshared Key) and IEEE 802.1X. Acceleration is achieved by storing encryption keys on all access points, that is, the client does not need to go through the full authentication procedure using a remote server when roaming.

802.11v

This standard (Wireless Network Management) allows wireless clients to exchange service data to improve the overall performance of a wireless network. One of the most used options is BTM (BSS Transition Management).
Typically, a wireless client measures its connection to an access point to make roaming decisions. This means that the client has no information about what is happening with the access point itself: the number of connected clients, device loading, scheduled reboots, etc. Using BTM, the access point can send a request to the client to switch to another point with better operating conditions , even with a few worst signal. Thus, the 802.11v standard is not directly aimed at speeding up the client switching process. wireless device, however, when combined with 802.11k and 802.11r, it provides more fast work programs and improves the convenience of working with wireless Wi-Fi networks.

IEEE 802.11k in detail

The standard extends RRM (Radio Resource Management) capabilities and allows 11k-capable wireless clients to request a list of neighboring access points that are potential handover candidates from the network. The access point informs clients about 802.11k support using a special flag in the Beacon. The request is sent in the form of a management frame called an action frame. The access point also responds with an action frame containing a list of neighboring points and their wireless channel numbers. The list itself is not stored on the controller, but is generated automatically upon request. It is also worth noting that this list depends on the client’s location and does not contain all possible wireless network access points, but only neighboring ones. That is, two wireless clients located geographically in different places, will receive different lists of neighboring devices.

With such a list, the client device does not need to scan (actively or passively) all wireless channels in the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands, which reduces the use of wireless channels, that is, freeing up additional bandwidth. Thus, 802.11k allows you to reduce the time spent by the client on switching, as well as improve the process of selecting an access point to connect to. In addition, eliminating the need for additional scans helps extend the battery life of the wireless client. It is worth noting that access points operating in two bands can provide the client with information about points from an adjacent frequency range.

We decided to clearly demonstrate the operation of IEEE 802.11k in our wireless equipment, for which we used an AC50 controller and CAP1200 access points. One of the popular messengers with support for voice calls running on a smartphone was used as a traffic source Apple iPhone 8+, which obviously supports 802.11k. The voice traffic profile is presented below.

As can be seen from the diagram, the codec used generates one voice packet every 10 ms. The noticeable spikes and dips in the graph are due to the slight variation in latency (jitter), which is always present in Wi-Fi-based wireless networks. We configured traffic mirroring on , to which both access points participating in the experiment are connected. Frames from one access point ended up in one network card traffic collection systems, frames from the second to the second. In the resulting dumps, only voice traffic. The switching delay can be considered the time interval that elapses from the moment traffic disappears through one network interface until it appears on the second interface. Of course, the measurement accuracy cannot exceed 10 ms, which is due to the structure of the traffic itself.

So, without enabling 802.11k support, wireless client switching occurred on average within 120 ms, while activating 802.11k reduced this delay to 100 ms. Of course, we understand that although switching latency has been reduced by 20%, it is still high. Further reduction in latency will be possible with sharing standards 11k, 11r and 11v, as is already implemented in the home series of wireless equipment.

However, 802.11k has another trick up its sleeve: timing of the switch. This opportunity is not so obvious, so we would like to mention it separately, demonstrating its operation in real conditions. Typically, the wireless client waits until the last minute, maintaining the existing association with the access point. And only when the characteristics wireless channel become completely bad, the procedure for switching to a new access point starts. Using 802.11k, you can help the client with switching, that is, offer to do it earlier, without waiting for significant signal degradation (of course, we are talking about a mobile client). Our next experiment is devoted to the moment of switching.

Qualitative experiment

Let's move from a sterile laboratory to a real customer site. Two 10 dBm (10 mW) access points, a wireless controller, and the necessary supporting wired infrastructure were installed in the room. A diagram of the premises and installation locations of access points are presented below.

A wireless client moved around the room making a video call. First, we disabled 802.11k support in the controller and set the locations where switching occurred. As can be seen from the picture below, this happened at a considerable distance from the “old” access point, near the “new” one; in these places the signal became very weak, and the speed was barely enough to transmit video content. There were noticeable lags in voice and video when switching.

We then enabled 802.11k support and repeated the experiment. Now the switching happened earlier, in places where the signal from the “old” access point was still strong enough. There were no lags in the voice or video recorded. The switching point has now moved approximately to the middle between access points.

In this experiment, we did not set ourselves the goal of finding out any numerical characteristics of switching, but only qualitatively demonstrating the essence of the observed differences.

Conclusion

All the described standards and technologies are designed to improve the client’s experience of using wireless networks, make his work more comfortable, reduce the influence of irritating factors, and increase the overall performance of the wireless infrastructure. We hope that we were able to clearly demonstrate the benefits that users will receive after implementing these options in wireless networks.

Is it possible to live in an office without roaming in 2018? In our opinion, this is quite possible. But, having once tried to move between offices and floors without losing the connection, without having to re-establish a voice or video call, without being forced to repeatedly repeat what was said or ask again, it will be impossible to refuse.

P.S. but this is how you can create seamlessness not in the office, but at home, which we will talk about in more detail in another article.

When large areas need to be covered WiFi signal, improve the performance, reliability and speed of the WiFi network, seamless roaming technology can help us with this. Seamless WiFi is a technology for moving from a single point coverage area WiFi access into the coverage area of ​​another WiFi access point, without significant data loss. You can think of this as a client device handing over from one access point to another. Thus, you can create seamless WiFi coverage over large areas: apartments, restaurants, hotels, warehouses, airports, country houses, stadiums, cities.

The main features when creating seamless WiFi are:

  • Calculation of network capacity (power) depending on the expected number of network users.
  • Planning WiFi coverage depending on capacity and fault tolerance.
  • Inspection of the airwaves for interference, reflections, obstacles and other reasons affecting the propagation of the radio signal.
  • Frequency plan planning for better noise immunity and network speed.
  • Determination of installation locations for active equipment, taking into account all factors.

List of possible requirements for equipment when organizing seamless WiFi:

  1. Ability to operate WiFi access points in outdoor conditions. Necessary when covering outdoor areas, as well as when used in rooms with a climate different from room temperature (warehouses, freezers, saunas, swimming pools, etc.)
  2. Availability of models with different radiation patterns(sectoral, omnidirectional), for the ability to create complex WiFi coverage schemes.
  3. Availability of transmitter power control, to enable the creation of high-capacity networks.
  4. Easy to install and secure access points. Possible power supply via PoE, which eliminates the need to lay additional lines to power devices. Compatible with various client devices.
  5. Centralized management of all access points. Possibility of managing and billing traffic of subscriber devices. Easy network scalability.

All these characteristics are met by equipment from MikroTik and UBIQUITI, which can provide you with high-quality, seamless WiFi in various conditions: from your apartment to your city.