Today it is difficult to imagine a person who has never encountered such a concept as a software package that ensures interaction between a computer and a person. Let's try to figure out what these software packages are and what elements they consist of.

What is the name of the software package that controls the computer? This concept first appeared at the dawn of development computer equipment and technology. Nowadays, this term is commonly understood as a software package that controls the operation of a computer and ensures the functioning of computing system, and is also responsible for performing certain tasks. In general, this is nothing more than operating system together with all its elements. Many people mistakenly assume that a software package that controls a computer means a specific operating system with system-level programs. But it is worth noting that operating systems in their pure form are practically never found today.

What is included in the concept of OS? The concept of an operating system includes not only the system part, which is a package of programs that ensure the correct functioning and control the operation of the computer. In pure operating systems, such a software package is not designed to perform third-party tasks. The development of such systems from the point of view of their use would be completely impractical, since their use for some rather specific tasks would be impossible. Such tasks include ordinary calculations using algebraic and trigonometric operations.

For this reason, today systems are being created that have great capabilities, although not for all occasions, but allowing one to deal with many different situations. Today you can find many operating systems: Windows, Free BSD, Mac OS X, Unix, Linux, etc. In addition to the system part, they have large sets various applications for listening to music, processing graphic information, watching videos, etc. These are just a few elements and not the complete set of applications.

What is software?

What is commonly called software? In essence, it is simply a collection of many programs installed by default or by the user himself on a particular system. This is a software package that controls the operation of a computer in a broad sense. It is responsible for the operation of the operating system itself, for the functioning of the hardware (graphics cards, motherboards, sound adapters, disk drives, network devices, modules wireless communication, USB ports, monitors). Also, using the software, you can implement the ability to combine several machines into virtual or local networks, organize access to World Wide Web and do a lot of useful things.

However, software packages that provide user interaction with a computer terminal may not always work. This is especially true for user programs associated with the system. If we are talking about applications that allow the user to use hidden and explicit capabilities, then the first place here is GUI. After all, it is through the graphical interface that the user has access to all features and functions. But this was not always the case. For the first time interface of this type was created using object-oriented programming technologies.

At that time, the Windows 3.1 operating system was released. Previously, systems were used that were focused solely on executing various commands. These are the so-called DOS systems. They were accessed using function keys or through command line. Many users also remember that time because the first version of Norton Commander allowed not only to work with files, but also to edit text and even view graphic information. However, today the system software package that controls the operation of the computer consists of a large number of different elements.

So, in addition to applications that ensure the functioning of the operating system itself, this concept also includes device drivers ( special programs, providing interaction between devices and the operating system). Not a single hardware component of a computer will work without drivers. The system simply does not recognize them. You can also include special configuration options in this list computer system, setting up the use of accounts, managing access to certain functions.

Application programs: general concept

In addition to the system part, there is also a specialized software package that provides the user with the ability to perform specific tasks and controls the operation of the computer. These are so-called application programs. Today, the range of tasks that modern computer terminals can perform has become significantly wider. For example, using special mathematical packages, you can easily and simply solve complex problems such as tensor equations.

New opportunities

Today, application programs whose work is related to solving physical or chemical problems make it possible to simulate the most complex processes. Sometimes such phenomena did not even come to fruition in real life. Packages application programs Auto CAD types provide incredible opportunities for designers various systems in all possible directions of development of science and technology. There is no longer any need to talk about video and sound... If previously everything came down to simple listening or viewing, today users can find professional software packages that even allow them to create their own music without using instruments. Moreover, the sounds in such applications are almost no different from real instruments. The same applies to video processing. All special effects in modern cinema are simulated using special programs.

Windows: standard programs

Of course, every operating system known today has its own standard set of programs that controls the work computer terminal and provides the user with everything necessary to solve the most common problems. We most often use modifications of the Windows operating system. Therefore, we will consider the standard set of programs for this operating system. In this system you can find a standard file manager, which is also called "Explorer", an image viewing and editing tool, a media player, text editor, system administration tools (Control Panel), built-in Internet browser, tools for setting up virtual and local networks, as well as special facilities for people with disabilities.

Additional components and programs

Of the additional components, it is worth paying special attention to the software package that controls the operation of the computer and ensures system security. In the operating room Windows system such applications are called firewalls or firewalls. Today, almost all users use antivirus software, which is designed specifically to protect the computer from virus attacks and the penetration of malicious objects, unwanted programs and spyware applications that can significantly disrupt the operation of the system as a whole.

Conclusion

As you can see for yourself, the software package that controls the functioning of a computer is not only a pure operating system that provides interaction personal computer and a person, but also many other elements that allow you to focus on performing a specific task. Thus, we cannot talk exclusively about the concept of an operating system. The understanding of such a term in this case will be much broader. Taking into account the rapid pace of development computer technology, then perhaps soon such systems will generally go beyond today’s concepts.

“Video cards” - Designed to maintain the temperature of the video processor and video memory within acceptable limits. Prices for video cards. Devices. video ROM. Video memory. Video cards. Digital-to-analog converter. Device Characteristics Manufacturers Prices. GPU. Video controller. Characteristic.

“Processor and system unit” - System or motherboard. Microprocessors. Clock frequency Processor capacity Processor performance. CPU System unit. In particular, through the introduction of additional basic operations. Processor - CPU - central processing unit - central processing unit. Performs arithmetic and logical operations.

“Computer system unit” - The purpose of the system unit is to record, store and read information. Distributed hard disks volume from 40MB to 4GB. Computer in the future. Input Devices. System unit. The amount of information stored on a hard drive depends on its model. A floppy disk is a flexible plastic disk with a magnetic coating housed in a square plastic casing.

“Processor buses” - Pentium 4 processor. Branch prediction. Data flow analysis. Cache memory. Data bus. Properties. Intel developers. PCI bus. Multiplexing of address lines. Tires. Address bus. AGP bus. Key Features. Hyperpipeline technology. Secondary cache size. Dual independent bus architecture.

“List of computer devices” - Basic configuration. Handheld scanner. Motherboard. External memory devices. Permanent memory. Puzzles. Inner memory. CPU. Input Devices. External memory. Blitz survey. System unit. Block. Computer memory. Output devices. Memory. Floppy disk. A printer. Storage device. Computer device.

“Computer and its devices” - The desktop model of a personal computer is called: Main purpose hard drive: What action is not recommended to be performed while the computer is turned on? In order to preserve information, floppy disks must be protected from... In what computer device is information processed? Information that is processed by a computer in binary code called???????

| Planning lessons for the school year | Programs and files.

Lesson 5
Programs and files.
Keyboard trainer in game mode

Programs and files

For a computer to operate, it needs sets of program instructions. The totality of all programs is software computer.

Required piece of software operating system (OS)). OS is a special software package, controlling the operation of the computer and ensuring interaction between a person and a computer.

You can find out what operating system is installed on your computer by looking at the company image:

Programs

Specific tasks (text entry, drawing, calculations, etc.) are performed on the computer using application programs or applications.

Programs and data are stored on disk in the form files(from the English file - folder for papers, dossier). Just like in a business office, whose employees carefully sort information, computer files contain similar, related information. The contents of the file can be a statement, arbitrary text, program, table, drawing, and so on.

On hard or floppy disks there may be many files. To avoid confusion, each file is named and placed in a specific folder. For each of you, a folder will be created on your hard drive where files with your texts and drawings will be stored.

The most important

Software is the collection of all computer programs.

operating system This is a package of programs that control the operation of a computer and ensure interaction between a person and a computer.

Application programs (applications)- these are programs with the help of which specific tasks are performed on a computer: text entry, drawing, calculations and others.

Questions and tasks

1. What do you understand by computer software?

2. What is an operating system for? What is the name of the operating system installed on your computers?

3. What programs are called applied programs?

Keyboard trainer in game mode

Keyboard simulator “Hands of a Soloist”

These training materials were developed within the framework of the competition “Development of Information Sources of Complex Structure (ICS) for the System general education" The “Soloist’s Hands” simulator is aimed at developing the student’s individual skill in the ten-finger touch typing method on a computer keyboard. “Hands of a Soloist” is a set of multi-level educational trainings for students in grades 7-9. The proposed product “Hands of a Soloist” allows you to increase the motivation of students, as well as stimulate their passion for the school subject, which in general will help improve efficiency educational process and the level of knowledge obtained in computer science classes. The methodological guide will allow you to choose the desired learning path for students in grades 7-9 and include the use of the simulator in the curriculum for the subject “Informatics” as part of the lesson schedule. The methodological manual provides a detailed breakdown of hours and training modules.