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What are information resources? Practical work “Information resources of society. Educational information resources. Working with software. EOR release data

IN generally under information resources is understood as the entire set of information obtained and accumulated in the process of development of science and practical activities of people, for their multi-purpose use in social production and management.

To ensure their activities, government bodies, local governments, organizations, and individual citizens form informational resources.

IN information society Particular attention is paid to information resources and their importance is emphasized in comparison with traditional types of resources, for example, minerals. The efficiency of access to information resources increases sharply, and the use of computer telecommunication networks becomes possible. According to the completeness of the information provided to the Russian information resources, posted on the Internet can be attributed to:

  • government resources;
  • library resources;
  • legal resources;
  • archival resources;
  • educational resources.

Let's take a closer look at them.

As an example government resources You can bring the server of government authorities Russian Federation(RF) “Official Russia”, located at http://www.gov.ru.

From the Official Russia website you can visit the following resources:

  • President of the Russian Federation;
  • federal executive authorities;
  • Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;
  • judicial power of the Russian Federation;
  • Security Council of the Russian Federation;
  • regional government bodies of the Russian Federation, etc.

Another example of government resources is the portal of state and municipal services located at http://www.gosuslugi.ru. The portal provides prompt access to the information necessary for citizens and organizations to receive government services, serves as a single “entry point” for citizens when informing and receiving government services, contains information about government services that is understandable to citizens, including examples of filling out applications, etc.

Let's move on to consider library resources, posted on the Internet. Examples include:

  • electronic catalog of the Russian State Library (RSL) (www.rsl.ru). The Foundation is a collection electronic copies valuable and most requested publications from the collections of the Russian State Library, from external sources and documents originally created in electronic form;
  • electronic catalog of the Russian National Library (www.nlr.ru). The digital library includes handwritten and archival documents, first-printed and hand-colored maps, rare books;
  • scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU (http://elibrary.ru) - the largest Russian informational portal in the field of science, technology, medicine and education, containing abstracts and full texts of more than 12 million scientific articles and publications. Available on the eLlBRARY.RU platform electronic versions more than 1,700 Russian scientific and technical journals, including more than 700 open access journals;
  • electronic library of the All-Russian State Library for Foreign Literature (VGBIL) named after. M.I. Rudomino (http://hyperlib.libfl.ru/index.php). VGBIL carries out work on automation of library and bibliographic processes, implementation and development of new information technologies and services, the formation of local industry databases. Along with regular (paper) catalogues, readers are provided with electronic catalogues, which contain new book arrivals, periodicals, etc.;
  • State scientific institution "Central Scientific Agricultural Library" Russian Academy Agricultural Sciences (www.cnshb.ru) - one of the largest agricultural libraries in the world, performing the functions of the sectoral national library of Russia on agriculture and food;
  • University Information System RUSSIA (UIS RUSSIA) (http://uisrussia.msu.ru/is4/main.jsp). UIS RUSSIA is supported on the basis of the Research Computing Center of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov and is developing as a thematic electronic library and base for research in the field of economics, management, sociology, linguistics, philosophy, philology, international relations and other humanities.

Analysis legal information resources The Internet is necessary not only for modern lawyers, but also for everyone who wants to have up-to-date legal information on various aspects of modern life. Examples include:

  • official website of the reference and legal system ConsultantPlus (www.consultant.ru). Currently, ConsultantPlus clients include more than 300,000 organizations in all regions of the country. The ConsultantPlus system contains over 5,000,000 documents. Internet versions of the ConsultantPlus system contain laws RF, Presidential decrees RF, Government decrees and orders RF and other regulatory documents freely available;
  • information and legal portal GARANT (www.garant.ru). The portal presents all types of legal information:
  • - federal and regional legislation;
  • - judicial and arbitration practice;
  • - comments and clarifications to regulations;
  • - draft laws;
  • - international treaties;
  • - document forms;
  • - normative and technical reference books;
  • - dictionaries and visual additional reference information.

Archival information resources contain documentaries various types(scientific, popular science, educational, local history), archival references, archival extracts, analytical information materials, etc. In particular, the “Archives of Russia” portal of the Federal Archives Agency (www.rusarchives.ru) contains archival reference books, electronic archives , information about historical and documentary exhibitions, on-line project “Victory 1941-1945” and much more.

Another example is the official website of the Federal Archives Agency (http://archives.ru/), which contains a guide to the archives of Russia, the electronic project “Tempered by the Great Patriotic War”, etc. In addition, it is possible to search for the necessary information on archival sites, located in the Russian-language part of the Internet.

You can increase the efficiency and visibility of teaching in various disciplines by turning to educational information resources. The largest of them include:

  • catalog of educational resources on the Internet (http://katalog.iot.ru). The website contains information with which you can gain access to federal and regional educational resources; held and upcoming events, the participants of which are teachers and schoolchildren, etc. d.;
  • federal portal “Russian Education” (www.edu.ru), containing a catalog of educational Internet resources, an electronic archive of regulatory documents of federal educational authorities, databases of educational institutions and much more;
  • Russian general education portal (www.school.edu.ru) provides quick access to educational information, provides practical assistance to participants in the educational process using new educational technologies;
  • information system “Single Window to Educational Resources” (http://window.edu.ru), which provides free access to the integral catalog of educational Internet resources, to the electronic library of educational materials for general and vocational education and to the resources of the federal system educational portals;
  • portal “Information and communication technologies in education” (www.ict.edu.ru), designed to organize quick access to information resources for educational, educational, methodological, reference and information purposes, located both on the portal itself and on other portals and websites.

Methods of working with information resources, allowing, in particular, information search, will be discussed later. If you master the initial knowledge of search methods, formulation and implementation search query will not present any difficulties in the future, which means that you will always be able to find the information you need. However, it is recommended that you visit the websites linked in this paragraph to learn about general rules use of various information resources, assess the amount of information that can be provided with their help.

Internet technologies, just like industrial or financial technologies, they determine the means and form in which the joint activities of people are realized to achieve certain goals. Industrial technologies and technological lines are well known, which combine the activities of individual workers, workshops or entire industries in the form of production chains.

Internet technologies combine information flows from a large number of characters to achieve greater consistency in their actions, as well as more accurately determine the content of their future actions.

Let us list the basic competencies that a person proficient in Internet technologies must have:

  • working with Internet browsers;
  • searching for the necessary information using search engines;
  • sending and receiving messages by email;
  • obtaining information from online libraries, online media, etc.;
  • exchange of information on forums;
  • participation in teleconferences;
  • organization of video conferences;
  • ordering goods in online stores;
  • use of the services of online travel agencies, internet firms;
  • development of hypertext pages (sites);
  • usage help services(“bulletin boards”);
  • communication using Internet telephony.

Thus, by becoming familiar with the theoretical and practical material of this publication, you will be able to apply knowledge and skills and successfully act on the basis of practical experience in solving everyday problems in the field of Internet technologies.

Test questions and assignments

  • 1. What is meant by information resources?
  • 2. List the main information resources located on the Internet.
  • 3. Using the Official Russia website, provide a list of government bodies accessible through of this resource. Analyze the regional government bodies of the Russian Federation posted on the website. Find the website (portal, server) of the region where you were born. Present the information posted on such a resource in the form of an essay.
  • 4. List the categories of public services provided through the “Public Services” portal.
  • 5. Tell us what collections are available to the user on the website of the Russian State Library.
  • 6. What projects have been implemented on the website of the Russian State Library?
  • 7. Classify the resources presented on the website of the Russian National Library.
  • 8. What current reference information is posted on the official website of the ConsultantPlus legal reference system?
  • 9. List the on-line projects available on the website of the Federal Archival Agency.
  • 10. Using the catalog of educational resources on the Internet, characterize federal information and educational portals.
  • 11. Name the catalogs of vocational education available using the “Single Window to Educational Resources” information system.
  • 12. Name the basic competencies that a person proficient in Internet technologies should have.

Educational information resources (EIRs) are freely available, openly licensed texts, media and other digital assets that are useful for teaching and assessment, as well as research purposes. The development and promotion of OER is often motivated by the desire to provide an alternative or expanded educational paradigm. So, what are educational information resources?

In contact with

One of the most famous information resources is Wikipedia and Wiktionary. These resources were transferred to the non-profit charitable organization Wikimedia Foundation in 2003, the purpose of which is to collect and develop free information educational content and its effective global dissemination. Wikipedia has been one of the ten most visited websites worldwide since 2007. What else is considered an educational resource?

General information

The idea of ​​educational information resources has many working definitions. The term was first coined in 2002 at the UNESCO Forum on Open Curriculums and refers to teaching and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that is located in the public domain or has been released under an open license. Access to these resources, use, adaptation and redistribution by others should be without restrictions. Open licensing is built within the framework of existing intellectual property rights defined in the relevant international conventions.

That is, they are teaching and research resources that are in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license permitting them free use and reappointment by others. Educational resources include:

  • full courses;
  • educational materials;
  • modules;
  • textbooks;
  • streaming video;
  • tests;
  • software and any other tools, materials or methods used to support access to knowledge.

Nature of the resource: Some people limit the definition of EIR to educational electronic resources, while others believe that any educational resource can be included in the definition.

Resource source: While some of the definitions require the creation of a resource with a clearly defined learning purpose, others expand this to include any resource that could potentially be used for learning

Level of openness: Most definitions require that the resource be hosted on a public domain. Others require educational use only or exclude commercial use.

These definitions also have common elements, namely:

  • use, reuse and modification of resources;
  • free use for educational purposes by teachers and students;
  • cover all types of digital media.

The diversity of users, creators and sponsors of educational information resources creates a variety of use cases and requirements.

What can be classified as educational electronic resources?

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) also defines electronic information resources as digitized materials offered freely and openly to educators, students and others for use in teaching and research.

They include:

  • educational content;
  • software;
  • development tools;
  • use and distribution of content.

Computers and related electronic resources have come to play a central role in education. Whatever your feelings about what some have called the digital revolution, many, perhaps most, students are fully immersed in it. They used to using email as a normal form of communication. But not only students appreciate electronic educational resources (EER). Teachers also use these resources using a range of useful tools.

The word “useful” must be emphasized because electronic resources complement, but rarely replace, more traditional teaching methods. Electronic tools can make studying more efficient; lectures are more convincing, informative and varied; reading tasks more extensive, interesting and accessible; discussions are freer and more complex. Only you, however, can judge whether these methods advance your own learning goals.

Web sources and electronic media provide a wider range of secondary and primary sources (including visual and audio materials). Students can now access content that was once only accessible to experts.

Computer with presentation software can provide a one-stop tool to enhance your lectures with outlines, slides, statistical charts and tables, images, music and even video clips.

Required Tools

But owning or accessing technology is usually only the first step. It's even more important to learn how to use it. This is one of the biggest challenges faced by anyone who wants to use electronic tools because this knowledge is not always easy to acquire.

Many people have limited computer skills, are easily intimidated by new and unfamiliar tasks, and try to avoid doing anything that requires them to learn something, very different from what they are used to. If you fall into the latter group but want to expand your ability to use electronic tools, you need to find help.

Finally, keep in mind that technology related to computers and the Internet is changing at an exciting rate. While certain skills will remain useful to you for long periods of time, many will need to be learned over and over again. The rapidity of change in this area can be daunting and intimidating. But it is also the source of some valuable innovations that may come in handy.

Library as an educational information resource

Over the years, libraries have supported educational efforts by providing educational resources, information and reference services. Many libraries have outreach programs, designed to meet the needs specific groups of people with limited skills. In addition, the library's resource materials extend to prisons, hospitals, rehabilitation centers and homes for the elderly and disabled. Libraries have been identified as one of the key elements of open access to information, which is critical for the development of education.

The emergence of libraries

Man's desire for knowledge led to the creation and accumulation huge amount information. This search for knowledge, knowing no boundaries or limitations, continues from the beginning of civilization to the modern era. This hard-earned knowledge and information is valuable to all humanity and therefore should have been preserved. With the invention of paper, man was able to pass this knowledge on to others by writing books.

Thousands of manuscripts were written by sages of earlier times, but many of them were destroyed due to lack of suitable means of preservation. With the invention of the printing press, it became easier to store knowledge in the form of printed documents. This led to the creation of a large number of books. The need to preserve and disseminate information led to the creation of an increasing number of libraries. Thus, libraries have acquired great importance in a civilized society for education and research. Libraries play a vital role in the development of any society, strengthening the cause of education and scientific research. They meet the information needs of millions of people.

Use of library electronic resources

The development of science and technology over the past two centuries has led to an information explosion. Rapid changes have occurred at a tremendous pace. To meet the growing needs of users, the library system has been significantly improved and modernized to meet new challenges. The services offered by libraries have also undergone great changes.

With the advent of new technologies in the field of computers and telecommunications, revolutionary changes have occurred in the field of library and information science. Form of traditional libraries containing a large number of printed documents are now being transformed to smaller paper libraries containing a large number of digitized documents. The tools offered by the network have been adopted by libraries. This has led to the creation of virtual libraries, i.e. libraries without walls, through which the user has access to information at any time and anywhere in the world, using modern means of communication such as computers and Internet facilities.

Libraries are leaders in knowledge management in the new millennium. University librarians are innovative in using new information technologies to provide access to a range of multimedia sources. Today's libraries teach students information processing skills.

The traditional image of the library as a quiet place of study that houses primarily printed collections is changing. Shifts in teaching methods, impact computer technology And student diversity has led to that libraries organized resources and designed services that meet new learning demands. Libraries organize collections of information and provide access and services that include changes in teaching, learning and information technology.

A library is a collection of sources, resources and services, as well as the structure in which it is housed. The term “library” acquired a secondary meaning: “collection of information for public use.” This meaning is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics, electronics, and biology.

Libraries are considered as agencies through which sources of information, accumulated knowledge and experience are selected, acquired, organized, stored and distributed among those who need them. They are important learning tools at any level.

People in many professions use library resources to improve their educational attainment. Students use libraries to complement and expand their knowledge, to learn sourcing skills and to develop good reading and study skills. Government officials use libraries to study legislation and public policy issues. The library provides information and services that are essential for learning and progress.

The library is self-education tool, means of cognition and factual information, a center of intellectual recreation and a beacon of enlightenment that provides the accumulated stored knowledge of civilization.

In an electronic sense, a library can be more than a building that houses a collection of books and other materials, as the Internet has opened up an avalanche of online and electronic resources for accessing documents on various areas of interest.

Informational resources(IR) – available stocks of information recorded on any medium and suitable for its preservation and use.

Currently, a narrow and broad understanding of IR is used: in the narrow sense, they mean only network IR accessible through computer communications, and in the broad sense, any information recorded on traditional or electronic media suitable for preservation and distribution. For information workers, a broad understanding is professionally important.

Information resources are individual documents and separate arrays of documents, documents and arrays of documents in information systems (libraries, archives, funds, databases and other information systems).

Under information arrays usually understand an ordered set of elements (documents and/or data) to which it is possible to individual access. Currently, purely quantitative information arrays make up the overwhelming majority of information resources. The most prominent representatives of these arrays are ordinary databases, library or archival collections.

There are many features to describe, i.e. multidimensional classification of information arrays, each of which seems significant from a certain point of view. Basic set of features can be considered the following:

IR source: for example, official information, published, statistical reporting, results of measurements, tests, etc.;

belonging to IR to a specific organizational or information system: for example, archival, library resources, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Emergency Situations, NTI, etc.;

type of ownership: state (federal, subject of the federation), municipal; property of public organizations; joint-stock, private, as well as an indication of the owner;

nature of IR use (purpose): for example, mass IR, interdepartmental, regional, intra-company, personal, etc.;

volume of information array(expressed in comparable units of measurement);

openness of information: open, secret, confidential;

information presentation form: text, graphic, multimedia, etc.;

IR carrier: electronic, paper, etc.

way of disseminating information: networks (global, local), publications, etc.;

natural language, which provides information.

Besides, the most important characteristics IR are such difficult to formalize parameters as completeness, reliability, relevance and significance of the information contained in them.

Composition of the IR can be characterized as:

    full-text databases;

    bibliographic products;

    factual databases;

    reference and bibliographic (reference and search) apparatus of libraries, information centers and archives, including catalogs and bibliographic files (databases);

    review and analytical products (analytical reviews, forecasts, ratings, etc.);

    services offered on the information market;

    computer communication networks;

    software that ensures the creation of information systems and the development of telecommunication networks;

    institutions (editorial offices, publishing houses, libraries, information centers, bookselling institutions, etc.) that ensure the creation of information products, accumulation and use of IR.

State information resources– these are resources that, as an element of property, are owned by the state.

State resources are divided into the following groups:

    federal resources;

    information resources jointly managed by the Russian Federation and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

    information resources of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

State information resources ensure the implementation of public administration tasks; ensuring the rights and safety of citizens; supporting the socio-economic development of the country, the development of culture, science, education, etc.

State information resources can be divided into two groups:

1) information resources intended to solve the problems of a specific management body at a certain level;

2) information resources aimed at external users.

The resources of the second group are formed by information and analytical structures. If they have common methodological guidance, similar tasks, solved on the basis of common regulatory documents, then they can be called state information systems.

Such systems, which have an interdepartmental, universal nature, may include:

    library network of the Russian Federation;

    archival fund of the Russian Federation;

    state statistics system;

    state system of scientific and technical information.

The library network of the Russian Federation includes over 150 thousand libraries.

The archival fund of the Russian Federation is under the jurisdiction of the Federal Archive Service. The permanent storage of archival documents is carried out by state and municipal archives, state museums and libraries, and institutions of the RAS system. Temporary storage of the archival fund of documents is carried out by ministries, departments, institutions, organizations and enterprises, classified in accordance with the established procedure as sources of acquisition of state and municipal archives.

At the federal level, the integration of information resources of the entire system of state statistics bodies is carried out. The main organization for the collection, accumulation, storage, processing and transmission of statistical information is the Main Interregional Center for Processing and Dissemination of Statistical Information of the State Statistics Committee, the most important task of which is to prepare publications in the field of statistics and inform the general public.

Currently, the state system of scientific and technical information is a set of scientific and technical libraries and organizations - legal entities, regardless of the form of ownership and departmental affiliation, specializing in the collection and processing of scientific and technical information and interacting with each other taking into account their obligations.

Information resources are all kinds of sources from which new information is obtained, for example, for learning. Modern ways of obtaining any type of knowledge find themselves in printed and solid-state or virtual digital media. To implement the latter, computers are used. Let's consider what is meant by educational information resources?

University students are often asked the question: what do you understand by information resources (IR)? The answer is simple: information resources include the totality various means for information.

Their main purpose is active use modern technologies for dissemination of scientific information. The main advantage is unlimited access to almost any member of society educational material. This makes it possible to quickly transfer, analyze and process large amounts of data. In turn, this speed of information exchange significantly accelerates scientific progress.

It is a mistake to assume that IR refers exclusively to the electronic format of presentation. To this day, scientific periodicals and highly specialized literature enjoy deserved success. The places of their storage (localization) are libraries, archives, repositories, and funds.

Note! IR can be used repeatedly. Once the data is copied, the original form remains unchanged.

Recently, there has been an active growth in the educational component on the Internet. This means that all kinds of social media and video hosting sites are used not only for distributing entertainment content. The same YouTube is happy to post educational or explanatory videos on its site.

In general, virtual information training sources include:

  • free courses and seminars;
  • free electronic libraries;
  • educational portals.

Characteristics

In general, any training materials are distinguished according to the following characteristics:

  • form;
  • freedom of access;
  • interaction.

Form

OER is divided into independent and derivative publications. Self-hosted are initially created and distributed on any type of digital media. Derivatives are digitized printed sources (electronic copy).

Freedom of access

All digital publications can be distributed locally via hard copy or over the World Wide Web. In the second case, all educational materials are stored on the central server of the educational portal.

Recently, training programs of a complex type of distribution have gained particular popularity.

Interaction

Communication between the user and the program is carried out according to a special algorithm prescribed by the copyright holder of the materials. There is a free (free) type of access to knowledge and a closed (paid) type.

More and more digital materials are finding their way into open access on the Internet through the permission of the compilers and developers of training programs. This is done to enhance the reputation of the content and the visibility of the platform.

The program access type cannot be changed by the user. This possibility is the prerogative of the copyright holder.

What applies to OER

Many people are interested in the question: what are educational electronic resources? These are educational materials reproduced using computer devices of various types. They are formed in digital format and are conditionally divided into:

  1. Self-instruction manuals. Manuals for individual study of selected material, presented in free form.
  2. Textbooks. Federally approved and approved materials for use in schools or universities. They contain systematized data about a narrow selected discipline, its part or section.
  3. Visual teaching aids. Electronic format with graphic, photo and video materials.
  4. Educational and methodological publications. Benefits from detailed description educational methods.
  5. Workshops. Interactive tasks created to reinforce the material being studied.

Educational electronic sources include a set of materials of the following nature:

  • text and graphic files;
  • speech and music format;
  • photos and video materials.

Based on the method of storing information, a distinction is made between electronic electronic resources on hard media and those available on the network, i.e. on a shared server.

The highest demands are placed on the quality of such materials. Information must be collected, processed and presented consistently.

The key element of the ESM is the screen image or frame. The educational material itself can be divided into paragraphs, chapters, sections with quick access to each of them.

Nevertheless, GOST does not provide for the classification of automated courses and computer training programs as electronic educational resources. But they are also included in the ESM.

By general concept all data that can be recorded and reproduced from CDs for training is also classified as ESM.

Official digital resources include content that has undergone scientific, technical, artistic, or literary review. In addition, the materials are assigned an official GOST stamp and apparatus. In accordance with these markings, the type of its use is determined.

EOR release data

The publication is always characterized by its output data. Their purpose is to identify the source and inform the user about the product. This information is located on the media depending on its type, distribution methods and format.

The output data of the electronic educational resource includes:

  • manufacturer identification data;
  • total amount of course information in megabytes;
  • list of components (total number of media, instructions for use, teaching aids);
  • media segmentation (duration of fragments of different types);
  • requirements for the PC for reading and its software.

Additionally, the minimum technical requirements for data transfer speed, preferred browser, and additional equipment capabilities are indicated.

The readability of materials and user fatigue directly depend on the compliance of the capabilities of computer and computer technology.

Ease of navigation and intuitive management on such a portal (site, page) directly depends on the competent design of the resource. It is conventionally divided into three main stages:

  1. Conceptual. Development of the main idea of ​​the project based on collected data on user needs and preferences.
  2. Logical. Development of the structure and possible scenarios for the relationship of pages with each other.
  3. Physical. Implementation of the project through code programming and placement on media or on the network.

Scope of application

Most often, electronic educational resources are used in inclusive education when teaching children with disabilities. disabilities. There is a tendency to introduce electronic learning materials in schools and universities.

Note! As an example, we can name interactive touch boards, electronic textbooks and notebooks.

In the near future, it is expected that the methodology will be introduced in preschool institutions.

Leading universities are actively developing special training programs and providing free access to them. It is predicted that the share of electronic educational resources in mass education will only increase. This will lead to increased accessibility of scientific data to the general population.

With the proper level of self-organization of individual students and groups, quality education will only become more accessible. Thus, a striking example of a publicly accessible educational information resource is the open encyclopedia Wikipedia, which anyone can use.

"Primitive" training programs can be created in ordinary office programs. How components use text content, pictures, graphs, visual tables. Such materials are usually used to create presentations for primary and secondary schools, tutorials, and simple courses. It is allowed to use special constructors to structure small amounts of information. For more complex publications of a methodological nature, it is necessary to use complex creation algorithms.

Traditional types of public resources are material, raw materials (natural), energy, labor, financial resources.

In addition to this, one of the most important types of resources modern society are informational resources.

Over time, the importance of information resources increases; One evidence of this is that they are becoming a commodity whose total market value is comparable to that of traditional resources.

There are different approaches to the concept of “information resources”.

The legal formula adopted in the Federal Law “On Information, Informatization and Information Protection” states:

Informational resources- individual documents and individual arrays of documents, documents and arrays of documents in information systems (libraries, archives, funds, data banks, other information systems).

At the same time, like many legal formulas, this definition greatly narrows the concept, which most people perceive much more broadly.

In fact, with a broader approach to information resources, it is appropriate to include all scientific and technical knowledge, works of literature and art, and many other information of social and state significance, recorded in any form, on any media, including, of course, those about which is stated in the law.

Information resources of society are currently considered as strategic resources, similar in importance to material, raw materials, energy, labor and financial resources. However, there is one important difference between information resources and all others:

Any resource, except informational, disappears after use.

Fuel is burned, finances are spent, etc., but the information resource remains “indestructible”, it can be used many times, it can be copied without restrictions.

National information resources

Any classification of society's information resources turns out to be incomplete. The classification can be based on:

  • sectoral principle (by type of science, industry, social sphere, etc., to which the information relates);
  • form of presentation (by type of media, degree of formalization, presence of additional description, etc.).

Within each class, additional, more detailed divisions can be made.

For example, Internet resources can be divided according to their purpose and forms of presentation: service information, bibliographic information, teleconference materials, software, video, etc.

One way to classify national information resources:

Huge information resources are hidden in libraries. Traditional (paper) forms of their presentation dominate, but more and more library resources have been transferred to a digital basis in recent years.

The archives hide materials (sometimes centuries old) related to the history and culture of the country. The volumes of archival materials are enormous and often accumulate faster than they can be processed.

All developed countries have specialized systems scientific and technical information. These include numerous special publications, patent services, etc.

This kind of information is often an expensive commodity.

Codes of laws, codes, regulations, other types of legal information - no state can live without this.
Every social, industrial, agricultural and other sphere of society has its own industry information resources.

The information resources of the defense sector, education system, etc. are enormous.

Let us note that this concept itself was formed not so long ago, about a quarter of a century ago, in response to the growing dependence of developed countries on the volume of information and the level of development of the means of its transmission and processing.

Market of information resources and services

 The abundance of information resources and the possibility of presenting them in a modern (digital) form have led to the emergence of a developed market for information resources and services.

Currently, a national market for information resources has formed in many countries; There are also clear signs of a corresponding global market.

  • everyday information about access to material goods and services, their cost;
  • information of a scientific and technical nature (patents, copyright certificates, scientific articles, etc.);
  • information technologies, computer programs;
  • Database, Information Systems and much more.

As in any market, the information resources market has suppliers (sellers) and consumers (buyers).

Pay attention!

Suppliers are, as a rule, producers of information or its owners.

They are:

  • centers where databases are created and stored;
  • communications and telecommunications services;
  • household services;
  • specialized commercial firms involved in the purchase and sale of information (for example, advertising agencies);
  • non-specialized firms that produce material goods and, as additional products, information about them;
  • consulting (consulting) firms;
  • exchanges;
  • private individuals, etc.

Pay attention!

Consumers of information- this is all of us, individuals, as well as enterprises that today would not be able to function without information, as well as without the supply of raw materials; authorities of all levels, etc.

Information Services- a special type of product in the information market.

Level of development of the sphere information services largely determines the degree of proximity to the information society.
The market for information resources and services has gone through several stages in its development. Its active formation coincided in time with the advent of the first computers, i.e., with the beginning of the \(50s\) years of the \(XX\) century.

This coincidence was largely accidental, since the first computers had not yet been created information infrastructure. At that time, the rapid development of science and technology led to the creation of the first professional information services for these areas, and the corresponding market was aimed at a narrow layer of scientists and specialists.

The market for information resources and services truly flourished after the widespread introduction of microcomputers and telecommunication systems based on their use.

In addition, the creation of databases on multiple areas of knowledge and human activity was critical to market formation.

This process became widespread in the 1980s.

By this time, the first signs of globalization appeared of this market, the international exchange of resources and services began on it.

The leading countries in the market of information resources and services are currently the USA, Japan and a number of Western European countries.

In Russia at present (data from 2014) there is a fully formed information market (although in terms of the volume of services offered it is still inferior to similar markets in economically highly developed countries).

The most important components of the domestic information services market are data on information equipment, computers, computer networks and related technologies. A considerable part of the products offered are help systems for various purposes.

There are special information processing services for customer orders, ticket sales services, etc. There is a lot of financial, statistical information, information on educational services, leisure activities, etc. in this market.

Gradually, an understanding of a simple truth is beginning to form in Russian society: if information is a commodity, then you have to pay for it. Otherwise, the very basis of the market is destroyed. For example, the software market in our country could be much more developed if mass “piracy” copying of programs did not occur.

Sources:

I.G. Semakin, E.K. Henner Computer Science and ICT. 10-11 grades. M: 2012, 213 p.