INTRODUCTION........................................................ ........................................................ .. 3

SOFTWARE FOR AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR ECONOMIC INFORMATION PROCESSING............................................. 4

APPLICATION SOFTWARE.................................................... 4

DATABASE................................................ ............................................. 5

PROGRAM “1C: ACCOUNTING”.................................................... .............. 6

CONCLUSION................................................. ............................................ 10

LIST OF REFERENCES USED.................................................... 11

INTRODUCTION

The problems of increasing the profitability of an enterprise, the efficiency of personnel, and the creation of an optimal management structure are of concern to any manager. He has to make decisions under conditions of uncertainty and risk, which forces him to constantly keep under control various aspects of financial and economic activity. This activity is reflected in large quantities documents containing heterogeneous information. Properly processed and systematized, it is, to a certain extent, a guarantee of effective production management. On the contrary, the lack of reliable data can lead to incorrect management decisions and, as a result, serious losses.

The introduction of accounting packages and programs makes it possible to automate not only accounting, but also to bring order to warehouse accounting, the supply and sale of products and goods, track contracts, calculate wages faster, and submit reports in a timely manner.

Due to negligence in accounting, a business can suffer greatly or even fail. There are many examples of this, and enterprises that strive to work honestly often suffer. They suffer due to careless internal accounting of the enterprise. They also suffer due to ignorance and, accordingly, failure to comply with the latest laws and orders. When doing accounting manually, simple arithmetic errors are possible.

This work will examine the main systems for automating the processing of economic information.

SOFTWARE FOR AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR ECONOMIC INFORMATION PROCESSING

As a technical base ( technical support) the workplace of a specialist processing economic information, it is quite possible to choose a standard computer offered by many sellers computer equipment, and the wrong choice of software can lead to large losses of time, money and severe psychological consequences. It’s enough to just imagine how, in the absence of continuity, when switching to a new software product, you will have to retrain the entire staff, re-introduce the database created and accumulated over several years, etc.

The main purpose of the automated workplace, of course, is to solve professional problems (accounting problems, business analysis, planning and forecasting, etc.). However Personal Computer cannot directly interact with professional programs; an operating system is required, with the help of which all other application programs will work. The computer and the operating system will be, as it were, the computing platform on which all application programs.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Application software (APP - application software packages) can be divided into two groups:

1. Basic (system-wide) software, which is practically not tied (or weakly tied) to solving specific narrow-profile problems, to a narrow area professional activity user, which can be divided, in turn, into three large subgroups:

functional PPP;

multifunctional and integrated PPP;

problem-oriented PPP for system-wide purposes.

2. Problem-oriented PPP for professional purposes, which can be divided, in turn, into two subgroups:

standard software for management, accounting and analysis (for example, the automated accounting system “1C: Accounting”, which will be discussed in a separate chapter); local (individual) PPP management, accounting and analysis.

Functional PPP

PPPs were initially developed precisely as application programs for solving a specific group of problems - to implement one function of application software: text editors, table processors (spreadsheets), graphic editors, database management systems, etc. Of course, now these basic functions are implemented in multifunctional packages and integrated packages such as Office, but they are much more expensive and require significantly more computer resources (although they may not be needed as a complete set), so functional packages have very wide use. Very often these software products can be found in free, publicly available distribution (shareware) on the website of the developer company, on BBS, on CD-ROM, etc. You can install them on your computer for free and test them in operation, evaluate their capabilities, but for commercial use you need to register with the developer and pay him a certain amount, most often a small one.

DATABASE

Modern DBMSs are mainly Windows applications, since this environment allows you to more fully use the capabilities of a personal computer than the DOS environment. The decline in the cost of high-performance PCs has driven not only a broad shift to Windows environment, where the software developer can be less concerned about resource allocation, but also made PC software in general and DBMS in particular less critical of computer hardware resources.

Among the most prominent representatives of database management systems are: Lotus Approach, Microsoft Access, Borland dBase, Borland Paradox, Microsoft Visual FoxPro, Microsoft Visual Basic, as well as Microsoft databases SQL Server and Oracle, used in applications built using client-server technology. In fact, any modern DBMS has an analogue, produced by another company, which has a similar scope and capabilities; any application is capable of working with many data presentation formats, exporting and importing data due to the presence of a large number of converters. Also generally accepted are technologies that allow you to use the capabilities of other applications, for example, word processors, graphics packages, etc., and built-in versions of languages high level(usually SQL and/or VBA dialects) and tools visual programming interfaces of developed applications.

PROGRAM "1C: ACCOUNTING"

The 1C: Accounting program is a universal accounting program, which is the most widespread (according to the Financial Newspaper, the Soft-Market newspaper, etc.) accounting program in Russia. “1C: Accounting” can be customized by the accountant himself to the accounting features of his enterprise, to any changes in legislation and reporting forms. Having once mastered the universal capabilities of the program, an accountant will be able to automate various sections of accounting: cash desk, bank, materials, goods, fixed assets, settlements with organizations, salaries, etc. “1C: Accounting” is successfully used in small enterprises, in trade, in budgetary organizations, in joint ventures, in factories, etc.

The basic package includes one or two floppy disks, a user manual and a registration form. To install and operate the program, the computer must have:

operating room Windows system;

Intel-80386DX or higher processor:

RAM at least 4 MB

HDD(about 4 MB used)

Flexible storage magnetic disks

To prevent the possibility of illegal replication, 1C: Accounting is provided to users in copy-protected form (key floppy disk, hardware key, etc.)

Main features of "1C: Accounting":

Maintaining synthetic and analytical accounting in relation to the needs of the enterprise

Possibilities for maintaining quantitative and multi-currency accounting

Obtaining all necessary reporting and various documents on synthetic and analytical accounting

Full customizability: the ability to change and supplement the chart of accounts, posting system, analytical accounting settings, forms of primary documents, reporting forms;

Possibility of automatic printing of output primary documents.

The initial data for the program are the transactions entered into the business transactions journal. All transactions reflecting the economic activities of the enterprise should be entered into the program. The program is designed to store a large number of transactions - tens and hundreds of thousands, but among them you can always find the ones you need by date, debit and credit accounts, amount or content. In addition, you can limit the “visibility” of transactions for a year, six months, quarter, etc.

Documents can contain information for a month, quarter, year or any other period of time.

In addition to the operation log, the program supports several help lists

information (directories):

chart of accounts;

list of types of analytical accounting objects;

lists of objects of analytical accounting (subconto);

constants, etc.

The program has a mode for generating custom reports, which allows you to describe the form and content of the report in some accounting language, including balances and turnover on accounts and on analytical accounting objects. Using this mode, reports submitted to the tax authorities are implemented; in addition, this mode is used to create internal reports for analyzing the financial activities of an organization in any form.

At the very easy to use“1C: Accounting” can be limited to simple synthetic accounting. At the same time, you can enter transactions and, on their basis, receive balance sheets, account cards, the general ledger, maintain a cash register, process bank documents, print payment documents and issue reports for the tax authorities.

The full capabilities of the 1C: Accounting program are revealed when maintaining analytical accounting. In this case, the program will allow you to track settlements with specific buyers and suppliers, take into account the availability and movement of goods and fixed assets, and the implementation of contracts. Settlements for salaries and with accountable persons, etc.

In addition, the program has saving functions backup copy information and the mode of storing text documents in the archive.

Along with the product, a wide range of fillable forms of primary documents is offered, but if the user is not satisfied with any document, he can change it printed form and filling algorithm. Using the internal macro language, you can describe almost any document. The currency revaluation and depreciation algorithms implemented in the basic package require the user to strictly adhere to the rules for reflecting information on accounts. The system generates all reporting submitted to the tax authorities. For this purpose, a report generator is used, in which its own reporting documents are created using an internal macro language. To expand the functional content of SABU, you can develop your own algorithms for the revaluation of foreign currency liabilities and assets depending on the current legislation, the calculation of depreciation on intangible assets, and the formation of accounting registers.

In addition to the product described, there are the following automated systems: “AUBI”, SuperManager, INFO-Accountant, FOLIO, Infin-Accounting, BOSS, BEST, ACCORD.

CONCLUSION

In addition to energy and raw materials, any enterprise also uses information - a vital product necessary to keep abreast of all the activities of the enterprise and manage it. With or without automation, with or without computer technology, information exists and circulates within the enterprise, constituting its information system (IS). At the same time, automation, even partial, introduced artificially into natural information flows, will be effective only when the automated information system (AIS) is successfully integrated into the structure of the enterprise.

The introduction of automated systems for processing economic information can significantly reduce the costs associated with data processing, increase the productivity of economic workers (no time wasted on paperwork), and improve communication between different departments of the enterprise (common database).

LIST OF REFERENCES USED

1. “1C: Accounting”, User’s Handbook M.: 1999

2. Braga V.V. “Computerization of accounting M.: Finstatinform 1996.

3. Bank V.R., Zverev V.S. Automated information technologies in economics: Textbook/AGTU.-Astrakhan: ASTU Publishing House, 2000.-260 p.

11. Automated processing economic information

OJSC "Private Production Fund "Buket Chuvashia" uses computer program 1C:Enterprise 7.7 edition 4.4, which can be used to maintain any sections of accounting at enterprises various types.

The diverse and flexible capabilities of the 1C: Enterprise system allow you to use it both as a fairly simple and visual tool for an accountant, and as a means of fully automating accounting from entering primary documents to generating reports.

The 1C:Enterprise system can be used to maintain almost any section of accounting:

· Accounting for bank and cash desk transactions;

· Accounting for fixed assets and intangible assets;

· Materials accounting;

· Accounting for goods, services and production;

· Accounting for currency transactions;

· Accounting for mutual settlements with organizations, debtors, creditors, accountable persons;

· Accounting for payroll;

· Accounting for settlements with the budget;

· Other accounting sections.

The 1C:Enterprise system has flexible accounting capabilities:

1. Synthetic accounting using a multi-level chart of accounts;

2. Accounting according to several charts of accounts;

3. Currency accounting and currency coverage accounting;

4. Multidimensional analytical accounting;

5. Mode for automatically generating transactions based on documents.

6. In order to expand the capabilities for payroll accounting, the “Payroll Calculation” Configuration was purchased to work in the 1C: Enterprise 7.7 program. Manual entry mode;

7. Standard operation mode;

8. Mode for automatically generating transactions based on documents.

An important difference between accounting accounts and other types of data is the ability to create the accounts themselves, both in the configuration and in the information base.

Operation of the 1C system: The enterprise is divided into two processes separated in time: setup (configuration) and the direct work of the user in keeping records or performing calculations.

In turn, I would like to note that along with the wide possibilities, this program It also has disadvantages. A new software product “1C: Enterprise 8.0” has recently been released, which, in my opinion, is more convenient to use than the program “1C: Enterprise 7.7”

Most beer and non-alcoholic beverage plants (BBP) produce not only beer and soft drinks, but also low-alcohol products. The production process at PBC is multi-process, continuous and multi-threaded. The duration of technological operations is measured in days and weeks, in some cases - months. Each technological operation is characterized by duration, output standards and quality indicators. A characteristic feature of PBC's activities is also a large volume of work in progress.

Accounting at the plant must be kept by type of finished product - beer, mineral water, low alcohol, soft drinks, etc. To maintain quantitative records of items, you need to simultaneously use several units of measurement - bottle, box, container, wagon, dhal (10 l) and liter of anhydrous alcohol. To organize accounting for the shipment of finished products, it is necessary to take into account the “gross” weight and the “net” weight. Accounting for write-offs should be organized in accordance with the norms of natural loss. Excessive losses of raw materials, materials and finished products must be monitored. Accounting for pledged containers should be carried out by clients and types of containers - wagons, containers, boxes, bottles and kegs. For efficient work When delivering products to customers, vehicles need to plan their operation and keep records of their use.

In accordance with legal requirements, PBCs must keep records of the turnover of ethyl alcohol and excise taxes, and also submit regulated reports to regulatory authorities.

To automate enterprises producing and selling beer, as well as low-alcohol and non-alcoholic products, 1C and Komkon Project (1C: Franchisee, Moscow) jointly developed an industry application solution "1C: Beer and Soft Drink Plant 8.0". This software product is developed based on the program "1C:Enterprise 8.0. Manufacturing Enterprise Management". In the process of creating the solution, the peculiarities of the activities of the PBC, as well as the experience of automation of the Ochakovo MPBC and the Moscow Derbenevka yeast plant, were taken into account.

The program "1C: Beer and Soft Drink Plant 8.0" is a comprehensive solution and covers all the main management and accounting contours of a production enterprise. This solution allows you to organize a unified information system for managing various aspects of the enterprise (production, purchasing, inventory and sales), for managing finances and relationships with customers and suppliers. IN software product Implemented production planning, sales and purchasing, cost management and cost calculation, personnel management and payroll. Budgeting, accounting and tax accounting, as well as accounting according to IFRS are provided.

Automated system for processing economic information (ASOEI) is a complex human-machine system built on an appropriate information base, allowing all technical operations on information and created to automate human activity.

The purpose of creating ASOEI– creation of a comprehensive information system based on the use of modern information technologies preparation, reception, processing, transmission, accounting, search, control of economic information and documents to improve the efficiency and quality of management of economic objects.

Main purpose of ASOEI– increasing the efficiency of enterprise management, improving the efficiency of decision-making, automation information works performed by various departments and structures of the automation facility.

The following are distinguished: requirements to ASOEI:

1. Building up and development. Due to the fact that the user needs changes and no software is static, the system should allow you to customize the ASOEI and provide tools for developing and modifying the system.

2. Compatibility between functional blocks, as well as with other information systems - the ability to use software, as well as the data it uses and generated in another computing environment. Achieved through the availability standard system commands and formats, standardization of input-output procedures, includes technical, linguistic, software, information, organizational compatibility.

3. Adaptability– the ability to change to maintain its operational capabilities when the external environment changes.

4. Convenience– the presence of a uniform, friendly user interface for the tasks being solved.

5. Noise immunity– performance of its functions in conditions of interference.

6. Diagnosis– diagnostics of technical and software.

Simply saturating management bodies at all levels with computer technology without changing the methods and principles of organization management does not give the required result.

There are the following principles for constructing ASOEI:

1) principle new tasks– you should not simply transfer traditional control techniques to the technology, but you need to rebuild them in accordance with the capabilities of the technology;

2) systems approach– the goals and criteria for the operation of the facility and the information support system should be considered together;

3) maximum possible typification of design solutions;

4) principle continuous development;

5) principle automation of document flow;

6) principle unified information base.

ASOEI design is understood as the process of developing technical documentation related to the organization of automated information technology. The document resulting from the design is called project. Design Goal– selection of technical and formation of information, mathematical, software and organizational and legal support.

Highlight four stages of development ASOEI:

1. Analysis of primary requirements and work planning. At this stage, the benefits of implementing this system and the time costs are assessed, and the cost of the next step is justified.

2. Conducting a survey of the enterprise’s activities.

3. Determination of the organizational and topological structure of the enterprise, business processes, analysis of the distribution of functions among departments and employees, determination of the level of automation, etc. (carried out using questionnaires and collecting documents).

4. Construction and analysis of models of enterprise activity. At this stage, 2 models are built using the IDEFO methodology: the “As is” and “As will” models. The transition from the “As is” model to the “As will be” model is usually carried out in 2 ways: improving the technology based on performance assessment (“soft” reengineering) and radically changing the technology and rethinking the business process (“hard” reengineering).

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An information system is a collection various means, intended for collecting, preparing, transmitting, storing, processing and issuing information in the interests of various users.

QUESTION 2. The concept of an information system. Types of information systems (IS).

The national economy of any country as a whole, its industries and primary economic entities (enterprises of various organizational and legal forms) are considered as economic systems, their internal and external connections are studied and, using a systematic approach, they ensure their rational organization and functioning.

Information systems are created for information services and management.

Among the factors determining properties of a specific information system, There are 3 main ones:

1) Technical level of the system

2) Nature of the information processed

3) Objective functions (i.e. the range of tasks for solving which this system intended)

1. By technical level information systems are divided into:

Mechanized

Automated

Automatic

In manual ICs All information processing processes are carried out manually. To search for information in such systems, selecting devices are used.

In mechanized ICs counting and punching machines were used to process and search for information (these systems were used in the early stages of the development of informatization). The simplest arithmetic and logical operations were performed using a tabulator and the output documents were obtained in the form of tabs.

In automated and automatic IS A computer is used to store, process and retrieve information. The most common are automated systems. Depending on the level of automation, a distinction is made between partially and fully automated IS. A person takes part in them at certain stages of the technological process of information processing (for example, when collecting information and preparing it for entry into a computer, the processes of processing, transmitting and retrieving information are carried out by a computer).

In automatic ICs all processes take place without human intervention. The input information is presented in the form of signals from various sensors, the output is used in a computer for control and regulation.

2. Based on the nature of the information processed, information systems are divided into:

Documentary

Factual.

IN documentary IP objects of processing, storage and retrieval are documents and other information materials. Information processing usually comes down to the fact that, based on a request formulated by the user, the system finds and issues the necessary documents. In such systems, the issues of assessing the content of the document and determining the degree of compliance of the content of the document with the content of the request become important. To solve these issues, special methods of organizing information arrays and special search methods are used.

IN factual IP stored and processed information represents specific information and facts. These may be parameters and characteristics of the object, technical and economic information, social information, measurement results, reference and statistical data. Often this information is of an operational nature, i.e. is regularly updated and changed.

3. Objective functions determined by the purpose of a given information system (IS) distinguish following types of ICs:

Information and reference (ISS)

Managerial

Information and calculation

Information-logical

The functions performed by the system determine the form of the output information, the algorithms for its processing, as well as the nature, form and method of communication between the user and the system.

1) ISS are designed to fulfill user information requests. Characteristic feature of such systems– information found upon request is not used directly in the system, but is issued to the user who uses this information outside the IS.

An example of such systems is the automated reservation of seats in passenger rail and air transport, because search for such systems is one of the main functions, and they are also information retrieval.

2) Management systems– designed to solve various kinds of managerial and technical and economic problems. With the help of such systems, only information operations are automated. Direct decision-making functions and other management operations are performed by humans. Therefore, management systems are, as a rule, focused on issuing various certificates and reports to individual services and management. Consequently, the control system simultaneously performs the functions information and reference systems. Requests in such systems are usually of a regular or routine nature. By implementing these requests, the IS issues a certain list of reference forms based on the results of regular (daily, weekly, etc.) processing of information about the state of controlled processes, and also serves other requests.

3) IN information and settlement systems information is used to solve problems related to various settlement operations: problems of statistical accounting and analysis, forecasts of the state of financial markets, diagnostics in medicine, technology, etc.

All types of information systems discussed above provide the user with information that has ever been entered into the system or obtained based on calculations. Unlike them, 4 ) information-logical systems capable of providing information generated on the basis of logical analysis, generalization and processing of information stored in the information arrays of the system. Such systems can solve scientific research problems, replacing humans to a certain extent. They can also be called intellectual IP, because in their development, the provisions of the theory of artificial intelligence are used.

The concept of SAOEI is closely related to the concept of automated information system (AIS).

Under AIS Let us understand the IS in which the computer operates. The most common type of AIS is the SAOEI of organizational and economic direction, often called a data processing system (DPS)

SAOEI usually combines the following main components:

1) Linguistic means and rules used for selecting and preparing information in a computer to display a picture of the real world in a data model, for user work with the system and for providing users with information issued by the system.

2) The information fund of the system, which is the totality of all information functioning in the system.

3) Ways and methods of organizing information and all methods and processes of its processing.

4) Algorithms for the functioning of the system (all procedures for receiving, processing and issuing information).

5) System software.

6) Complex technical means, functioning in the system.

7) Personnel servicing the system.

The creation of an SAOEI requires serious preparation and organization, and the effectiveness of the developed SAOEI is largely determined by scientifically based methods of its creation.

For a more detailed analysis, select the following types:

1 – SAOEI can be like autonomous system designed to computerize individual functions of the information and management process, and work in part of a larger system and exchange information with other subsystems.

2 – From the perspective of technological functioning SAOEI, there are 2 forms:

- centralized And

- combining centralization with decentralization

In the first case, information problems are solved directly at the enterprise’s computer center, and in the second, automated workstations (AWS) are organized, connected by a network both to each other and to central computer. The transition to automated workplace networks means the transition to distributed information processing.

3 – From the position of hierarchical subordination and territorial division economic objects, the SAOEI of individual enterprises, associations, industries and state (inter-industry), territorial SAOEI of regions, regions, districts are distinguished.

4 – According to the functional technological composition and the principle of resource provision,SAOEI are divided according to the composition of the tasks to be solved. For example, it is possible to automate areas for forecasting, planning, operational management, analysis, and accounting. accounting, etc.

In this case, the main goal is to cover with computerization a complete set of tasks within each functionally different job.

5 - By principle of provision of resources We can distinguish such types of support as information, software, technical, mathematical and organizational and legal.

Information Support is an interconnected complex of information arrays, information coding systems, as well as documentation for organizing an information fund of systems.

BY is a set of software tools for implementing automated tasks.

Technical support - This is a complex of all technical means, both computers and peripheral equipment to organize the information process.

Software – is a complex of mathematical methods, models and algorithms for implementing automated tasks.

Organizational and legal support– this is a set of regulatory documents in force in this system that define and regulate the activities of personnel when solving problems in the conditions of the functioning of the SAOEI.

The main thing for the functioning of the SAOEI is the complex interrelation of all issues related to providing specific SAOEI with the necessary resources.